{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2045567371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2012.2230449","title":"AirSync: Enabling Distributed Multiuser MIMO With Full Spatial Multiplexing","display_name":"AirSync: Enabling Distributed Multiuser MIMO With Full Spatial Multiplexing","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2045567371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2012.2230449","mag":"2045567371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2012.2230449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2012.2230449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105416859","display_name":"Horia Vlad Balan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800817003","display_name":"Southern California University for Professional Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/058zz0t50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Horia Vlad Balan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California","[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024913082","display_name":"Ryan Rogalin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1242-8659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800817003","display_name":"Southern California University for Professional Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/058zz0t50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Rogalin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California","[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041928989","display_name":"Antonios Michaloliakos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3916-0285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800817003","display_name":"Southern California University for Professional Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/058zz0t50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonios Michaloliakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California","[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042745248","display_name":"Konstantinos Psounis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6342-1078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800817003","display_name":"Southern California University for Professional Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/058zz0t50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Psounis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California","[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058252389","display_name":"Giuseppe Caire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7749-1333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800817003","display_name":"Southern California University for Professional Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/058zz0t50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Caire","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California","[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5105416859"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I2800817003"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.2136,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":143,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99076589,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"1681","last_page":"1695"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7865762710571289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6929247379302979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6494394540786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-multiplexing","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","score":0.6139607429504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.573851466178894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.5327247381210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo-ofdm","display_name":"MIMO-OFDM","score":0.51534503698349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.4796871840953827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-user-mimo","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","score":0.43765825033187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.4314211308956146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.41904303431510925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4173440635204315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4154307246208191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3712020516395569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2588564455509186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.16349723935127258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09940463304519653}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7865762710571289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6929247379302979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6494394540786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574075","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.6139607429504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.573851466178894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.5327247381210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130946814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5988271","display_name":"MIMO-OFDM","level":4,"score":0.51534503698349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.4796871840953827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91330434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738298","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","level":4,"score":0.43765825033187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.4314211308956146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41904303431510925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4173440635204315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4154307246208191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3712020516395569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2588564455509186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.16349723935127258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09940463304519653}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2012.2230449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2012.2230449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542869039","https://openalex.org/W1634453275","https://openalex.org/W1667950888","https://openalex.org/W1911543361","https://openalex.org/W1959674737","https://openalex.org/W1976109068","https://openalex.org/W1994125924","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2030546921","https://openalex.org/W2045099270","https://openalex.org/W2060243821","https://openalex.org/W2084639925","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2100739124","https://openalex.org/W2103331800","https://openalex.org/W2107080958","https://openalex.org/W2111772171","https://openalex.org/W2116141601","https://openalex.org/W2117417954","https://openalex.org/W2122125652","https://openalex.org/W2129971925","https://openalex.org/W2130509920","https://openalex.org/W2130914270","https://openalex.org/W2133670328","https://openalex.org/W2138897490","https://openalex.org/W2139252928","https://openalex.org/W2143664144","https://openalex.org/W2143927285","https://openalex.org/W2145740541","https://openalex.org/W2146102702","https://openalex.org/W2147294243","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2150166380","https://openalex.org/W2150764210","https://openalex.org/W2151795416","https://openalex.org/W2152135092","https://openalex.org/W2152342555","https://openalex.org/W2153211299","https://openalex.org/W2164497732","https://openalex.org/W2164536085","https://openalex.org/W2171342189","https://openalex.org/W2171375393","https://openalex.org/W2171882127","https://openalex.org/W2296600582","https://openalex.org/W2339410153","https://openalex.org/W2798333393","https://openalex.org/W2912369344","https://openalex.org/W2949738325","https://openalex.org/W3106249098","https://openalex.org/W3112681748","https://openalex.org/W3140440502","https://openalex.org/W4214605592","https://openalex.org/W4229922087","https://openalex.org/W6636742871","https://openalex.org/W6640079276","https://openalex.org/W6648878020","https://openalex.org/W6763934251"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517014499","https://openalex.org/W4383558088","https://openalex.org/W2402142910","https://openalex.org/W2905194263","https://openalex.org/W2101125413","https://openalex.org/W1972642807","https://openalex.org/W2216248654","https://openalex.org/W2141031289","https://openalex.org/W3146142998","https://openalex.org/W2037344163"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"enormous":[1],"success":[2],"of":[3,22,81,93,102,108,150,196,234,283,291,305,316],"advanced":[4],"wireless":[5,13,307],"devices":[6],"is":[7,104,176,213],"pushing":[8],"the":[9,20,31,45,79,99,106,136,151,159,165,190,197,220,232,256,267,276,281,288,292,299,303,314,322],"demand":[10],"for":[11,178],"higher":[12],"data":[14,82],"rates.":[15],"Denser":[16],"spectrum":[17],"reuse":[18],"through":[19],"deployment":[21],"more":[23],"access":[24,54,69],"points":[25,55],"(APs)":[26],"per":[27,309,323],"square":[28],"mile":[29],"has":[30],"potential":[32],"to":[33,48,58,130,215,266,275,301],"successfully":[34],"meet":[35],"such":[36,139,168],"demand.":[37],"In":[38,88,113,250],"principle,":[39],"distributed":[40,67,132,277,294],"multiuser":[41,179,270],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[42],"(MU-MIMO)":[43],"provides":[44,123],"best":[46,282],"approach":[47],"infrastructure":[49],"density":[50],"increase":[51,302],"since":[52],"several":[53],"are":[56,143],"connected":[57],"a":[59,65,91,119,146,186,228],"central":[60],"server":[61],"and":[62,125,157,207,223,246,269],"operate":[63],"as":[64,185],"large":[66],"multiantenna":[68],"point.":[70],"This":[71],"ensures":[72],"that":[73,122,140,169,211],"all":[74,109,141,170],"transmitted":[75],"signal":[76],"power":[77],"serves":[78],"purpose":[80,233],"transmission,":[83],"rather":[84],"than":[85],"creating":[86],"interference.":[87],"practice,":[89],"however,":[90],"number":[92,304,315],"implementation":[94],"difficulties":[95],"must":[96],"be":[97],"addressed,":[98],"most":[100],"significant":[101],"which":[103,175],"aligning":[105],"phases":[107],"jointly":[110,317],"coordinated":[111,318],"APs.":[112],"this":[114],"paper,":[115],"we":[116,236],"propose":[117],"AirSync,":[118],"novel":[120],"scheme":[121],"timing":[124,217],"phase":[126,162,225],"synchronization":[127,218],"accurate":[128],"enough":[129],"enable":[131],"MU-MIMO.":[133],"AirSync":[134,184,212,286],"detects":[135],"slot":[137,167,311],"boundary":[138],"APs":[142,206],"time-synchronous":[144],"within":[145,219,227],"cyclic":[147],"prefix":[148],"(CP)":[149],"orthogonal":[152],"frequency-division":[153],"multiplexing":[154,259,296],"(OFDM)":[155],"modulation":[156],"predicts":[158],"instantaneous":[160],"carrier":[161,224],"correction":[163],"along":[164],"transmit":[166],"transmitters":[171],"maintain":[172],"their":[173],"coherence,":[174],"necessary":[177],"beamforming.":[180],"We":[181,261],"have":[182,237],"implemented":[183,238],"digital":[187],"circuit":[188],"in":[189,273],"field":[191],"programmable":[192],"gate":[193],"array":[194],"(FPGA)":[195],"WARP":[198],"radio":[199],"platform.":[200],"Our":[201],"experimental":[202],"testbed,":[203],"comprising":[204],"four":[205,208],"clients,":[209],"shows":[210],"able":[214],"achieve":[216],"OFDM":[221],"CP":[222],"coherence":[226],"few":[229],"degrees.":[230],"For":[231],"demonstration,":[235],"two":[239],"MU-MIMO":[240,278,295],"precoding":[241],"schemes,":[242],"Zero-Forcing":[243],"Beamforming":[244],"(ZFBF)":[245],"Tomlinson-Harashima":[247],"Precoding":[248],"(THP).":[249],"both":[251],"cases,":[252],"our":[253,284],"system":[254],"approaches":[255],"theoretical":[257],"optimal":[258],"gains.":[260],"also":[262],"discuss":[263],"aspects":[264],"related":[265],"MAC":[268],"scheduling":[271],"design,":[272],"relation":[274],"architecture.":[279],"To":[280],"knowledge,":[285],"offers":[287],"first":[289],"realization":[290],"full":[293],"gain,":[297],"namely":[298],"ability":[300],"active":[306],"clients":[308],"time-frequency":[310],"linearly":[312],"with":[313],"APs,":[319],"without":[320],"reducing":[321],"client":[324],"rate.":[325]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}