{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000017294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2012.2226603","title":"Synoptic Graphlet: Bridging the Gap Between Supervised and Unsupervised Profiling of Host-Level Network Traffic","display_name":"Synoptic Graphlet: Bridging the Gap Between Supervised and Unsupervised Profiling of Host-Level Network Traffic","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000017294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2012.2226603","mag":"2000017294"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2012.2226603","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2012.2226603","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077451178","display_name":"Yosuke Himura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yosuke Himura","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101814201","display_name":"Kensuke Fukuda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8372-2807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kensuke Fukuda","raw_affiliation_strings":["JST, PRESTO, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","National Institute of Informatics and PRESTO, JST, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JST, PRESTO, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Informatics and PRESTO, JST, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058566221","display_name":"Kenjiro Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7575-186X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153849","display_name":"Internet Initiative Japan","ror":"https://ror.org/05c4bsk60","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145792","https://openalex.org/I4387153849"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenjiro Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internet Initiative Japan (IIJ), Keio University","Internet Initiative Japan, Tokyo, Japan and Keio University, Tokyo, Japan#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internet Initiative Japan (IIJ), Keio University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internet Initiative Japan, Tokyo, Japan and Keio University, Tokyo, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103","https://openalex.org/I4387153849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042411664","display_name":"Pierre Borgnat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4536-8354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113428412","display_name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon","ror":"https://ror.org/04zmssz18","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113428412","https://openalex.org/I203339264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096929","display_name":"Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS de Lyon","ror":"https://ror.org/00w5ay796","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113428412","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I4210096929"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Borgnat","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, Lyon, France","CNRS and \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, Laboratoire de Physique, Lyon, France#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, Lyon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113428412","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS and \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, Laboratoire de Physique, Lyon, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096929","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I113428412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050643672","display_name":"Patrice Abry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7096-8290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113428412","display_name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon","ror":"https://ror.org/04zmssz18","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113428412","https://openalex.org/I203339264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096929","display_name":"Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS de Lyon","ror":"https://ror.org/00w5ay796","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113428412","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I4210096929"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrice Abry","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, Lyon, France","CNRS and \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, Laboratoire de Physique, Lyon, France#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, Lyon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113428412","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS and \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, Laboratoire de Physique, Lyon, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096929","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I113428412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052106822","display_name":"Hiroshi Esaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5657-9216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Esaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077451178"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1407,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88041683,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"1284","last_page":"1297"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.8597419857978821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7292057275772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.65045166015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.599103569984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.577081561088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5260769724845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profiling","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","score":0.48635631799697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4847121238708496}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.8597419857978821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7292057275772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.65045166015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.599103569984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.577081561088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5260769724845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.48635631799697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4847121238708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2012.2226603","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2012.2226603","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W149523093","https://openalex.org/W1599069793","https://openalex.org/W1661871015","https://openalex.org/W1674877186","https://openalex.org/W1836055303","https://openalex.org/W2005802709","https://openalex.org/W2007625919","https://openalex.org/W2011628134","https://openalex.org/W2012095206","https://openalex.org/W2021891366","https://openalex.org/W2055261595","https://openalex.org/W2063432924","https://openalex.org/W2065202763","https://openalex.org/W2085092855","https://openalex.org/W2095815177","https://openalex.org/W2101492723","https://openalex.org/W2112663892","https://openalex.org/W2121973001","https://openalex.org/W2125661571","https://openalex.org/W2129191249","https://openalex.org/W2130598205","https://openalex.org/W2136695760","https://openalex.org/W2146050333","https://openalex.org/W2154195006","https://openalex.org/W2155620999","https://openalex.org/W2164210932","https://openalex.org/W3138598418","https://openalex.org/W4236506014","https://openalex.org/W4244728148","https://openalex.org/W4255738146","https://openalex.org/W6637096788","https://openalex.org/W6638686577"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W4390569940","https://openalex.org/W2888392564","https://openalex.org/W4361193272","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W4388422664","https://openalex.org/W1986582023","https://openalex.org/W2883749686","https://openalex.org/W2966829450","https://openalex.org/W4315864862"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"End-host":[0],"profiling":[1],"by":[2,98,125,169],"analyzing":[3],"network":[4],"traffic":[5,13],"comes":[6],"out":[7],"as":[8,33,120],"a":[9,30,34,53,75,100,116,121,128,158],"major":[10],"stake":[11],"in":[12],"engineering.":[14],"Graphlet":[15],"constitutes":[16],"an":[17],"efficient":[18],"and":[19,46,138,153],"common":[20],"framework":[21],"for":[22,105,112],"interpreting":[23],"host":[24],"behaviors,":[25],"which":[26,176],"essentially":[27],"consists":[28],"of":[29,42,73,102,147,151,156,173,180,186],"visual":[31,122],"representation":[32],"graph.":[35],"However,":[36],"graphlet":[37,123],"analyses":[38],"face":[39],"the":[40,64,71,83,86,145,148,154,157,178,184],"issues":[41],"choosing":[43],"between":[44,85],"supervised":[45,135],"unsupervised":[47,93,149],"approaches.":[48],"The":[49],"former":[50],"can":[51,66],"analyze":[52],"priori":[54],"defined":[55,119],"behaviors":[56,69],"but":[57],"is":[58,95,130,166],"blind":[59],"to":[60,89,109],"undefined":[61],"classes,":[62,92],"while":[63],"latter":[65],"discover":[67],"new":[68],"at":[70,81],"cost":[72],"difficult":[74],"posteriori":[76,159],"interpretation.":[77],"This":[78,164],"paper":[79],"aims":[80],"bridging":[82],"gap":[84],"two.":[87],"First,":[88],"handle":[90],"unknown":[91],"clustering":[94,150],"originally":[96],"revisited":[97],"extracting":[99],"set":[101],"graphlet-inspired":[103],"attributes":[104],"each":[106,113],"host.":[107,190],"Second,":[108],"recover":[110],"interpretability":[111],"resulting":[114],"cluster,":[115,129],"synoptic":[117,162,174],"graphlet,":[118],"obtained":[124],"mapping":[126],"from":[127],"newly":[131],"developed.":[132],"Comparisons":[133],"against":[134],"graphlet-based,":[136],"port-based,":[137],"payload-based":[139],"classifiers":[140],"with":[141],"two":[142],"datasets":[143],"demonstrate":[144],"effectiveness":[146],"graphlets":[152,181],"relevance":[155],"interpretation":[160],"through":[161],"graphlets.":[163],"development":[165],"further":[167],"complemented":[168],"studying":[170],"evolutionary":[171],"tree":[172],"graphlets,":[175],"quantifies":[177],"growth":[179],"when":[182],"increasing":[183],"number":[185],"inspected":[187],"packets":[188],"per":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
