{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2084330204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2011.2178036","title":"A New Cell-Counting-Based Attack Against Tor","display_name":"A New Cell-Counting-Based Attack Against Tor","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2084330204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2011.2178036","mag":"2084330204"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2011.2178036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2011.2178036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044255077","display_name":"Zhen Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9691-8702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, South East University, Nanjing, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South East University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045275291","display_name":"Junzhou Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7518-4367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junzhou Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, South East University, Nanjing, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South East University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002139930","display_name":"Wei Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4522-7340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4322298","display_name":"Towson University","ror":"https://ror.org/044w7a341","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4322298"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department ofComputer and Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA","Department of Computer and Information Sciences; Towson University; Towson MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department ofComputer and Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4322298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences; Towson University; Towson MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4322298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063375840","display_name":"Xinwen Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2391-7789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133738476","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell","ror":"https://ror.org/03hamhx47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinwen Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA","Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059448769","display_name":"Xuan Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5853-2136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Xuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051803761","display_name":"Weijia Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0231-3196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijia Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","[Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6343,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96610261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"1245","last_page":"1261"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8311208486557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/router","display_name":"Router","score":0.7582598924636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.742387056350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6592217683792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6543401479721069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5622870326042175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.44063708186149597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.41234713792800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14912819862365723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10625126957893372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8311208486557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775896111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q642560","display_name":"Router","level":2,"score":0.7582598924636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.742387056350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6592217683792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6543401479721069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5622870326042175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.44063708186149597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.41234713792800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14912819862365723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10625126957893372}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2011.2178036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2011.2178036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.297.7409","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.297.7409","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://anyserver.cityu.edu.hk/weijia/2012/Zhen_LingToN.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.418.1701","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.418.1701","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://anyserver.cityu.edu.hk/weijia/2012/ToN_LinZ.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39374552","https://openalex.org/W84267113","https://openalex.org/W92086985","https://openalex.org/W105475431","https://openalex.org/W187122915","https://openalex.org/W204527957","https://openalex.org/W299502113","https://openalex.org/W1481202711","https://openalex.org/W1545050218","https://openalex.org/W1567366855","https://openalex.org/W1595797875","https://openalex.org/W1655958391","https://openalex.org/W1869319442","https://openalex.org/W1916902331","https://openalex.org/W1955645522","https://openalex.org/W2002080807","https://openalex.org/W2043681328","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2101649797","https://openalex.org/W2103851297","https://openalex.org/W2110976404","https://openalex.org/W2112178441","https://openalex.org/W2125657162","https://openalex.org/W2127264212","https://openalex.org/W2127295197","https://openalex.org/W2128627435","https://openalex.org/W2130128605","https://openalex.org/W2130327507","https://openalex.org/W2135088779","https://openalex.org/W2139978474","https://openalex.org/W2146148058","https://openalex.org/W2150248082","https://openalex.org/W2151114655","https://openalex.org/W2156410527","https://openalex.org/W2167266744","https://openalex.org/W2169991041","https://openalex.org/W2182209354","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6601608363","https://openalex.org/W6603464622","https://openalex.org/W6604348779","https://openalex.org/W6608244937","https://openalex.org/W6610764554","https://openalex.org/W6632768997","https://openalex.org/W6633908691","https://openalex.org/W6635648716","https://openalex.org/W6637080381","https://openalex.org/W6639067549","https://openalex.org/W6640114481","https://openalex.org/W6640935840","https://openalex.org/W6661556376","https://openalex.org/W6678913627","https://openalex.org/W6678955139","https://openalex.org/W6678958711","https://openalex.org/W6682067062","https://openalex.org/W6684777503","https://openalex.org/W6685648810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2122026593","https://openalex.org/W1966494590","https://openalex.org/W1593132758","https://openalex.org/W2117874351","https://openalex.org/W1588358165","https://openalex.org/W2582203024","https://openalex.org/W4206398305","https://openalex.org/W4237683758","https://openalex.org/W3023934611","https://openalex.org/W2157186778"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"<?Pub":[0],"Dtl=\"\"?>":[1],"Various":[2],"low-latency":[3,50],"anonymous":[4,51,107],"communication":[5,26,52,108,195,234],"systems":[6,33],"such":[7],"as":[8],"Tor":[9,69],"and":[10,82,162,192,206,213,229,246],"Anonymizer":[11],"have":[12,200],"been":[13],"designed":[14],"to":[15,23,105,263,272,279],"provide":[16],"anonymity":[17,32],"service":[18],"for":[19,44,276],"users.":[20,198],"In":[21,114],"order":[22],"hide":[24],"the":[25,31,35,62,68,83,103,120,125,129,134,142,148,159,165,174,177,184,189,194,265],"of":[27,30,64,122,144,147,173,220,239],"users,":[28],"most":[29],"pack":[34],"application":[36,80],"data":[37,209],"into":[38,141],"equal-sized":[39],"cells":[40,123,191],"(e.g.,":[41,281],"512":[42],"B":[43],"Tor,":[45,58,100,205],"a":[46,76,95,138,253,268],"known":[47],"real-world,":[48],"circuit-based,":[49],"network).":[53],"Via":[54],"extensive":[55],"experiments":[56],"on":[57,90,188],"we":[59,93],"found":[60],"that":[61,270],"size":[63],"IP":[65,84],"packets":[66],"in":[67,124,267],"network":[70],"can":[71,136,230],"be":[72,155,273],"very":[73,112,232,254,274],"dynamic":[74],"because":[75],"cell":[77,145],"is":[78,226,244,261],"an":[79,171],"concept":[81],"layer":[85],"may":[86],"repack":[87],"cells.":[88,240],"Based":[89],"this":[91,115,202,221,224,242],"finding,":[92],"investigate":[94],"new":[96],"cell-counting-based":[97],"attack":[98,203,225,243,266],"against":[99,204],"which":[101],"allows":[102],"attacker":[104,135,175],"confirm":[106,193,231],"relationship":[109,196],"among":[110,197],"users":[111],"quickly.":[113],"attack,":[116],"by":[117],"marginally":[118],"varying":[119],"number":[121],"target":[126,149,160],"traffic":[127,161],"at":[128,164,176],"malicious":[130,166,178],"exit":[131],"onion":[132,168,180],"router,":[133],"embed":[137],"secret":[139],"signal":[140,153,186,285],"variation":[143],"counter":[146],"traffic.":[150],"The":[151],"embedded":[152,185],"will":[154,182],"carried":[156],"along":[157],"with":[158,236,252],"arrive":[163],"entry":[167,179],"router.":[169],"Then,":[170],"accomplice":[172],"router":[181],"detect":[183,280],"based":[187],"received":[190],"We":[199],"implemented":[201],"our":[207,283],"experimental":[208],"validate":[210],"its":[211,247],"feasibility":[212],"effectiveness.":[214],"There":[215],"are":[216],"several":[217],"unique":[218],"features":[219],"attack.":[222],"First,":[223],"highly":[227],"efficient":[228],"short":[233],"sessions":[235],"only":[237],"tens":[238],"Second,":[241],"effective,":[245],"detection":[248],"rate":[249],"approaches":[250],"100%":[251],"low":[255],"false":[256],"positive":[257],"rate.":[258],"Third,":[259],"it":[260],"possible":[262],"implement":[264],"way":[269],"appears":[271],"difficult":[275],"honest":[277],"participants":[278],"using":[282],"hopping-based":[284],"embedding).":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
