{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2794664194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmscs.2018.2821154","title":"A Hierarchical Inference Model for Internet-of-Things","display_name":"A Hierarchical Inference Model for Internet-of-Things","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2794664194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmscs.2018.2821154","mag":"2794664194"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmscs.2018.2821154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmscs.2018.2821154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201583","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multi-Scale Computing Systems","issn_l":"2332-7766","issn":["2332-7766","2372-207X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multi-Scale Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002444694","display_name":"Hongxu Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6481-6389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongxu Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6481-6389","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100379696","display_name":"Zeyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7057-1613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7057-1613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086131079","display_name":"Niraj K. Jha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1539-0369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niraj K. Jha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1539-0369","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4119,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92868246,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"3","first_page":"260","last_page":"271"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6478995680809021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5483700037002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.491134375333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-database-model","display_name":"Hierarchical database model","score":0.4430042803287506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3732888698577881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.29107099771499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2074134349822998}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6478995680809021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5483700037002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.491134375333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144986985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q871236","display_name":"Hierarchical database model","level":2,"score":0.4430042803287506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3732888698577881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.29107099771499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2074134349822998}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmscs.2018.2821154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmscs.2018.2821154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201583","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multi-Scale Computing Systems","issn_l":"2332-7766","issn":["2332-7766","2372-207X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multi-Scale Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W167786791","https://openalex.org/W317521241","https://openalex.org/W1503398984","https://openalex.org/W1545647341","https://openalex.org/W1578084252","https://openalex.org/W1840338487","https://openalex.org/W1970049226","https://openalex.org/W2022851810","https://openalex.org/W2038190601","https://openalex.org/W2042638791","https://openalex.org/W2050975514","https://openalex.org/W2058401212","https://openalex.org/W2063591563","https://openalex.org/W2063862666","https://openalex.org/W2086659790","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2105103777","https://openalex.org/W2111619626","https://openalex.org/W2121030799","https://openalex.org/W2125555950","https://openalex.org/W2132729131","https://openalex.org/W2135505702","https://openalex.org/W2143538196","https://openalex.org/W2156627912","https://openalex.org/W2163493657","https://openalex.org/W2172000360","https://openalex.org/W2285660444","https://openalex.org/W2335029765","https://openalex.org/W2417485063","https://openalex.org/W2419335852","https://openalex.org/W2508317201","https://openalex.org/W2521650916","https://openalex.org/W2594639291","https://openalex.org/W2615933734","https://openalex.org/W2620740922","https://openalex.org/W2768083806","https://openalex.org/W2803021247","https://openalex.org/W2998216295","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6745626806","https://openalex.org/W6752014572","https://openalex.org/W7066667914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1871685927","https://openalex.org/W3107474891","https://openalex.org/W2367950322","https://openalex.org/W86463150","https://openalex.org/W4289528260","https://openalex.org/W2911297108","https://openalex.org/W2360459435","https://openalex.org/W2371279119","https://openalex.org/W2163992835","https://openalex.org/W2149593499"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Internet-of-Things":[0],"(IoT)":[1],"has":[2],"connected":[3],"billions":[4],"of":[5,20,97,110,205,296,332],"devices":[6,11],"to":[7,42,48,60,66,164,202,230],"the":[8,23,40,45,49,52,67,99,108,138,141,145,157,165,171,214,222,238,250,264,287,294,300,311,316,323,330,350],"Internet.":[9],"These":[10,37,153],"are":[12],"already":[13,148,207],"collecting":[14],"zettabytes":[15],"(":[16],"<inline-formula><tex-math":[17,303,307,337,351,355],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$10^{21}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[18],")":[19],"data.":[21,101],"However,":[22,122],"current":[24],"IoT":[25,189,223,241,252,260],"framework":[26],"suffers":[27],"from":[28,299],"limited":[29],"sensor":[30,46,111,158,301],"energy,":[31],"communication":[32,117],"bandwidth,":[33],"and":[34,82,87,114,119,160,195,269,278],"server":[35,50,125],"storage.":[36],"limitations":[38],"impede":[39],"ability":[41],"send":[43],"all":[44,51,98,156],"data":[47,91,112,159,242],"time.":[53],"Compact":[54],"smart":[55,72,142,177,210],"sensors":[56,73,143,220],"provide":[57],"a":[58,150,184],"way":[59],"address":[61],"this":[62,180],"challenge.":[63],"As":[64],"opposed":[65],"conventional":[68,130,218],"sense-and-transmit":[69,167,219],"sensors,":[70,211],"emerging":[71],"can":[74,103],"collect":[75],"data,":[76],"extract":[77],"features,":[78],"derive":[79,273],"local":[80,151,196],"inferences,":[81],"transmit":[83],"only":[84,162],"inference":[85,126,186,206,229,231,276,281,290,326],"outcomes":[86],"possibly":[88],"some":[89],"raw":[90,100],"associated":[92],"with":[93,129,249,258,345],"rare":[94],"events":[95],"instead":[96],"This":[102,169],"dramatically":[104],"cut":[105],"down":[106],"on":[107,192,209],"amount":[109],"transmitted,":[113],"hence":[115,161],"its":[116],"energy":[118,172],"network":[120],"traffic.":[121],"edge":[123,234],"or":[124],"models":[127,277,282],"trained":[128],"machine":[131],"learning":[132,194],"approaches":[133,154],"do":[134],"not":[135],"account":[136],"for":[137,188,283],"fact":[139],"that":[140,263],"in":[144,221,349],"system":[146],"have":[147],"performed":[149,208],"inference.":[152],"need":[155],"cater":[163],"traditional":[166],"paradigm.":[168,253],"undoes":[170],"benefits":[173],"brought":[174],"about":[175],"by":[176,236,302,319,336],"sensors.":[178],"In":[179],"paper,":[181],"we":[182,292,328],"propose":[183],"hierarchical":[185,193],"model":[187,199,265],"applications":[190],"based":[191],"inferences.":[197],"Our":[198],"is":[200,266],"able":[201],"take":[203],"advantage":[204],"while":[212,309],"at":[213,232,310],"same":[215,312],"time":[216,313],"accommodating":[217],"system.":[224],"It":[225],"also":[226,314],"generalizes":[227],"sensor-level":[228],"other":[233],"nodes":[235],"exploiting":[237],"intrinsically":[239],"sensor/edge-grouped":[240],"structure.":[243],"We":[244,254,272],"train":[245],"classifiers":[246],"hierarchically,":[247],"aligned":[248],"sensor-edge-server":[251],"verify":[255],"our":[256],"approach":[257],"seven":[259],"applications,":[261],"demonstrating":[262],"accurate,":[267],"efficient,":[268],"generally":[270],"applicable.":[271],"four":[274,279,288,324],"edge-level":[275,289],"server-level":[280,325],"these":[284],"applications.":[285],"For":[286,322],"models,":[291,327],"reduce":[293,329],"number":[295,331],"bits":[297,334],"transmitted":[298,335],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$3.2\\times$":[304],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[305],"-":[306,340,354],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$42.7\\times$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[308],"improving":[315],"classification":[317,346],"accuracy":[318,347],"0.3-6.7":[320],"percent.":[321],"edge-to-server":[333],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$17\\times$</tex-math>":[338],"</inline-formula>":[339],"<inline-formula>":[341],"<tex-math":[342],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$60\\times$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[343],",":[344],"change":[348],"notation=\"LaTeX\">":[352],"$-0.4$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[353],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$+0.1$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[356],"percent":[357],"range.":[358]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}