{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118696836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2026.3651102","title":"Trajectory-Aware Attack: Explainable Adversarial Attack Against Multiple Object Trackers","display_name":"Trajectory-Aware Attack: Explainable Adversarial Attack Against Multiple Object Trackers","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118696836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2026.3651102"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2026.3651102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2026.3651102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017033250","display_name":"Mengjie Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7712-3322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengjie Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Engineering and Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunication, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7712-3322","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Engineering and Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunication, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zirui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5387-6428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zirui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Engineering and Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunication, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5387-6428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Engineering and Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunication, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Haotian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5755-0842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haotian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Engineering and Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunication, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5755-0842","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Engineering and Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunication, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122279816","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics and Electricity, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1020-1060","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics and Electricity, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122111239","display_name":"Yufei Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufei Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics and Electricity, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics and Electricity, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2834-9461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Engineering and Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunication, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2834-9461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Engineering and Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunication, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qing Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4616-2200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Engineering and Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunication, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4616-2200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Engineering and Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunication, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04348327,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":null,"first_page":"3284","last_page":"3299"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.490200012922287,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.490200012922287,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.29249998927116394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.05620000138878822,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.569599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5187000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent-tracker","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","score":0.47130000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.4684000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.4341000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.42649999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.38510000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-awareness","display_name":"Situation awareness","score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzz-testing","display_name":"Fuzz testing","score":0.3531000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.569599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5187000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.47130000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4684000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44609999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.4341000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.42649999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3991999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.38510000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111065885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1189053","display_name":"Fuzz testing","level":3,"score":0.3531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.34549999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65856478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3991682","display_name":"Attack model","level":2,"score":0.3294000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95922358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5432725","display_name":"False positive rate","level":2,"score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780741293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4818019","display_name":"Attack patterns","level":3,"score":0.30869999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.25440001487731934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2026.3651102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2026.3651102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7482427358627319,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1879229493","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L252106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-Object":[0],"Tracking":[1],"(MOT)":[2],"aims":[3],"to":[4,59,71,87,181],"build":[5],"moving":[6],"trajectories":[7,58],"of":[8,30,91,100,130,165,191,223,256],"objects":[9],"within":[10],"video":[11],"sequences":[12],"and":[13,112,128,172,189,204,214,240],"serves":[14],"as":[15,79],"a":[16,97,178],"critical":[17],"component":[18],"in":[19,259],"autonomous":[20],"driving":[21],"systems.":[22],"Recently,":[23],"several":[24],"studies":[25],"have":[26],"revealed":[27],"the":[28,89,126,187,224,254],"vulnerability":[29,255],"existing":[31],"MOT":[32,67,149,166,260],"methods":[33,48,69],"by":[34,51,133,168,209],"investigating":[35],"adversarial":[36],"attacks":[37],"against":[38],"MOT,":[39],"raising":[40],"significant":[41],"safety":[42],"concerns":[43],"for":[44,75],"real-world":[45],"applications.":[46],"These":[47],"attack":[49,68,145,229,235,242],"trackers":[50,200],"deliberately":[52],"inserting":[53],"false":[54,77,92,103,114,131,173],"alarms,":[55,78,93],"which":[56,206],"mislead":[57],"drift":[60],"from":[61],"their":[62],"correct":[63],"paths.":[64],"However,":[65],"current":[66],"fail":[70],"propose":[72,109],"efficient":[73],"strategies":[74],"generating":[76],"they":[80],"either":[81],"rely":[82],"on":[83,139,232,238,245],"computationally":[84],"intensive":[85],"optimization":[86],"determine":[88],"placement":[90],"or":[94],"crudely":[95],"insert":[96],"large":[98],"number":[99],"heuristically":[101],"designed":[102],"alarms.":[104],"In":[105],"this":[106,140],"paper,":[107],"we":[108,142,194],"an":[110,144],"explainable":[111],"effective":[113,163],"alarm":[115,174],"generation":[116],"module,":[117,141],"named":[118,151],"Target":[119],"Generating":[120],"Module":[121],"(TGM),":[122],"that":[123],"adaptively":[124],"determines":[125],"location":[127],"size":[129],"alarms":[132],"leveraging":[134],"historical":[135],"trajectory":[136],"information.":[137],"Based":[138],"design":[143],"method":[146,220],"targeting":[147],"mainstream":[148],"approaches,":[150],"<bold":[152],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[153,155],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">T</b>rajectory-<bold":[154],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">A</b>ware":[156],"Attack":[157,161],"(TA":[158],"Attack).":[159],"TA":[160],"achieves":[162,221],"disruption":[164],"systems":[167],"combining":[169],"detection":[170],"erasure":[171],"generation,":[175],"requiring":[176],"only":[177],"few":[179],"frames":[180,249],"successfully":[182],"compromise":[183],"trajectories.":[184],"To":[185],"exhibit":[186],"flexibility":[188],"effectiveness":[190],"our":[192,219],"method,":[193],"conduct":[195],"experiments":[196],"using":[197],"four":[198],"multi-object":[199],"(ByteTrack,":[201],"SORT,":[202],"CenterTrack":[203],"FairMOT)":[205],"are":[207],"enabled":[208],"two":[210],"representative":[211],"detectors":[212],"(YOLOX":[213],"CenterNet).":[215],"The":[216],"results":[217],"demonstrate":[218],"state":[222],"art":[225],"performance":[226],"with":[227],"74.87%":[228],"success":[230,236,243],"rate":[231,237,244],"BDD100K,":[233],"81.7%":[234],"MOT17":[239],"83.87%":[241],"MOT20":[246],"while":[247],"4":[248],"being":[250],"attacked":[251],"averagely,":[252],"revealing":[253],"association":[257],"mechanism":[258],"methods.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-25T06:01:18.069262","created_date":"2026-01-08T00:00:00"}
