{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118639234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2026.3651038","title":"Disreo: Provably Secure No-Box-Extraction Linguistic Steganography Based on Distribution Reorganization","display_name":"Disreo: Provably Secure No-Box-Extraction Linguistic Steganography Based on Distribution Reorganization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118639234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2026.3651038"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2026.3651038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2026.3651038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jun Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6529-0569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digital Security, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6529-0569","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digital Security, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045121980","display_name":"Kejiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9868-3414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kejiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digital Security, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9868-3414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digital Security, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Na Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0588-1674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Na Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digital Security, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0588-1674","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digital Security, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102636466","display_name":"Yuang Qi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuang Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digital Security, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0326-1616","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digital Security, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042400141","display_name":"X. M. Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7658-0116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digital Security, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digital Security, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Weiming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5576-6108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digital Security, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5576-6108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digital Security, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110371940","display_name":"Niu Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nenghai Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digital Security, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4417-9316","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digital Security, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03195997,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":null,"first_page":"2970","last_page":"2983"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.5091000199317932,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.5091000199317932,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.06970000267028809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.04879999905824661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.8398000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.59170001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.48010000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4481000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.4462999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.44589999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.44179999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8738999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.8398000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.59170001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.48010000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4699000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4481000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.4462999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.44589999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.44179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4343000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107368093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448176","display_name":"Steganalysis","level":4,"score":0.400299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.3564999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33180001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.3285999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13179402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7606662","display_name":"Steganography tools","level":4,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2026.3651038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2026.3651038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3061771244","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62472398","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4538375728","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2336206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6347247583","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2436601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479681406","https://openalex.org/W1527181506","https://openalex.org/W1965997238","https://openalex.org/W2054289628","https://openalex.org/W2508421359","https://openalex.org/W2765501876","https://openalex.org/W2795284983","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2900851980","https://openalex.org/W2914062350","https://openalex.org/W2920628035","https://openalex.org/W2997526307","https://openalex.org/W3007224029","https://openalex.org/W3014082027","https://openalex.org/W3037454483","https://openalex.org/W3085519426","https://openalex.org/W3131409262","https://openalex.org/W3158209167","https://openalex.org/W3162945253","https://openalex.org/W3175755605","https://openalex.org/W3180275512","https://openalex.org/W3197876970","https://openalex.org/W3211484452","https://openalex.org/W3214106073","https://openalex.org/W4288458148","https://openalex.org/W4288775478","https://openalex.org/W4382239524","https://openalex.org/W4384948607","https://openalex.org/W4385756656","https://openalex.org/W4386088228","https://openalex.org/W4387272116","https://openalex.org/W4388283577","https://openalex.org/W4399477734","https://openalex.org/W4405439890"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"provably":[1,34],"secure":[2,35],"linguistic":[3,36],"steganographic":[4],"methods":[5],"typically":[6],"rely":[7],"on":[8],"white-box":[9,146],"extraction,":[10],"which":[11,40],"necessitates":[12],"access":[13],"to":[14,96,148],"large":[15],"language":[16,48],"models.":[17],"This":[18,50],"requirement":[19],"is":[20,51],"impractical":[21],"in":[22,118],"environments":[23],"with":[24,86,138],"limited":[25],"resources.":[26],"To":[27],"tackle":[28],"this":[29],"issue,":[30],"we":[31,103],"proposeDisreo,":[32],"a":[33,139],"steganography":[37,157],"based":[38],"ondistributionreorganization,":[39],"extracts":[41],"the":[42,46,70,91,97,100,154],"messages":[43,134],"without":[44],"accessing":[45],"underlying":[47],"model.":[49],"achieved":[52],"through":[53],"token":[54,73],"position":[55],"randomization":[56],"and":[57,82,105,115],"output":[58],"probability":[59],"reorganization":[60],"for":[61,84,129],"message":[62,66],"embedding.":[63],"Moreover,":[64],"secret":[65,133],"extraction":[67,124,141,147,152],"requires":[68],"only":[69],"synchronization":[71],"of":[72,99,126,132,156],"positions":[74],"used":[75],"during":[76],"embedding,":[77],"making":[78],"it":[79],"both":[80],"feasible":[81],"fast":[83],"devices":[85],"constrained":[87],"computational":[88],"capabilities.":[89],"Theoretically,":[90],"security":[92,98],"ofDisreocan":[93],"be":[94],"reduced":[95],"encryption":[101],"algorithm":[102],"employ,":[104],"our":[106],"experimental":[107],"analyses":[108],"confirm":[109],"thatDisreomaintains":[110],"distribution":[111],"consistency":[112],"between":[113],"stego":[114],"cover":[116],"texts":[117],"expectations.":[119],"In":[120],"practice,Disreoachieves":[121],"an":[122],"average":[123],"time":[125],"0.015":[127],"seconds":[128],"5":[130],"bits":[131],"from":[135,145],"100":[136],"tokens,":[137],"100%":[140],"accuracy.":[142],"By":[143],"transitioning":[144],"more":[149],"practical":[150],"no-box":[151],"scenarios,Disreobroadens":[153],"scope":[155],"applications.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2026-01-08T00:00:00"}
