{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392939966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2024.3378458","title":"TTS: Hilbert Transform-Based Generative Adversarial Network for Tattoo and Scene Text Spotting","display_name":"TTS: Hilbert Transform-Based Generative Adversarial Network for Tattoo and Scene Text Spotting","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392939966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2024.3378458"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2024.3378458","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2024.3378458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103134638","display_name":"Ayan Banerjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-2202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayan Banerjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-2202","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025871978","display_name":"Palaiahnakote Shivakumara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9026-4613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","display_name":"University of Salford","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmqtf75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shivakumara Palaiahnakote","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9026-4613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068803496","display_name":"Umapada Pal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-2618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umapada Pal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-2618","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033674031","display_name":"Apostolos Antonacopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9552-0233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","display_name":"University of Salford","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmqtf75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Apostolos Antonacopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9552-0233","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061696740","display_name":"Tong L\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7051-5347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Lab for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7051-5347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Lab for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065907624","display_name":"Josep Llad\u00f3s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4533-4739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153096","display_name":"Computer Vision Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00s0nnj93","country_code":null,"type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387153096"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josep Llados Canet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Center, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4533-4739","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4087,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55993291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":null,"first_page":"8226","last_page":"8241"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spotting","display_name":"Spotting","score":0.875857949256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8336156606674194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-network","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","score":0.6681917309761047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.6333858966827393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6325045228004456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5789920091629028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5244831442832947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3676389455795288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3209776282310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.23770171403884888}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779506182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7580141","display_name":"Spotting","level":2,"score":0.875857949256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8336156606674194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.6681917309761047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.6333858966827393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6325045228004456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5789920091629028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5244831442832947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3676389455795288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3209776282310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.23770171403884888}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2024.3378458","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2024.3378458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2143827543","https://openalex.org/W2144554289","https://openalex.org/W2605076167","https://openalex.org/W2605982830","https://openalex.org/W2623735874","https://openalex.org/W2772800855","https://openalex.org/W2791490164","https://openalex.org/W2899309051","https://openalex.org/W2904785373","https://openalex.org/W2963299604","https://openalex.org/W2970910956","https://openalex.org/W2978036638","https://openalex.org/W2982450728","https://openalex.org/W2986036729","https://openalex.org/W2996956254","https://openalex.org/W2997371611","https://openalex.org/W2998621280","https://openalex.org/W3003482937","https://openalex.org/W3012138014","https://openalex.org/W3013224334","https://openalex.org/W3028835974","https://openalex.org/W3029699545","https://openalex.org/W3034447740","https://openalex.org/W3034514377","https://openalex.org/W3035106683","https://openalex.org/W3035679705","https://openalex.org/W3035682737","https://openalex.org/W3047144459","https://openalex.org/W3047669229","https://openalex.org/W3082245115","https://openalex.org/W3083321694","https://openalex.org/W3085046840","https://openalex.org/W3090238363","https://openalex.org/W3092309237","https://openalex.org/W3094240999","https://openalex.org/W3100773886","https://openalex.org/W3110398855","https://openalex.org/W3112681008","https://openalex.org/W3113987534","https://openalex.org/W3118826611","https://openalex.org/W3122930709","https://openalex.org/W3134964991","https://openalex.org/W3139067130","https://openalex.org/W3154631726","https://openalex.org/W3159307593","https://openalex.org/W3160053372","https://openalex.org/W3160431667","https://openalex.org/W3172799005","https://openalex.org/W3173811519","https://openalex.org/W3176382883","https://openalex.org/W3176425245","https://openalex.org/W3179426054","https://openalex.org/W3181016597","https://openalex.org/W3184364189","https://openalex.org/W3184923351","https://openalex.org/W3186906052","https://openalex.org/W3187759683","https://openalex.org/W3192658445","https://openalex.org/W3196183801","https://openalex.org/W3196976036","https://openalex.org/W3197122597","https://openalex.org/W3198649044","https://openalex.org/W4200263965","https://openalex.org/W4225683503","https://openalex.org/W4312230431","https://openalex.org/W4312351507","https://openalex.org/W4312932251","https://openalex.org/W4313186194","https://openalex.org/W4386075667","https://openalex.org/W6745992979"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058491579","https://openalex.org/W118429992","https://openalex.org/W1483316057","https://openalex.org/W4300154353","https://openalex.org/W2888032422","https://openalex.org/W3156763702","https://openalex.org/W4385421777","https://openalex.org/W4377980832","https://openalex.org/W2897769091","https://openalex.org/W2845413374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Text":[0,43],"spotting":[1,110,176],"in":[2,16,46,100,135],"natural":[3,217],"scenes":[4],"is":[5,41,69,164,201],"of":[6,35,75,88,124,152,159,185],"increasing":[7],"interest":[8],"and":[9,27,52,80,142,172,180,193,223],"significance":[10],"due":[11,83],"to":[12,84,97],"its":[13],"critical":[14],"role":[15],"several":[17,81],"applications,":[18],"such":[19],"as":[20,210,212],"visual":[21],"question":[22],"answering,":[23],"named":[24],"entity":[25],"recognition":[26],"event":[28],"rumor":[29],"detection":[30,179],"on":[31,203,213],"social":[32],"media.":[33],"One":[34],"the":[36,57,73,85,89,94,122,125,128,136,139,143,150,186,198,214],"newly":[37],"emerging":[38],"challenging":[39],"problems":[40],"Tattoo":[42],"Spotting":[44],"(TTS)":[45],"images":[47],"for":[48,53,167,174,190],"assisting":[49],"forensic":[50],"teams":[51],"person":[54],"identification.":[55],"Unlike":[56],"generally":[58],"simpler":[59],"scene":[60,195,218],"text":[61,68,109,170,175,219],"addressed":[62],"by":[63,72,105],"current":[64],"state-of-the-art":[65,199],"methods,":[66],"tattoo":[67,192],"typically":[70],"characterized":[71],"presence":[74],"decorative":[76],"backgrounds,":[77],"calligraphic":[78],"handwriting":[79],"distortions":[82],"deformable":[86],"nature":[87],"skin.":[90],"This":[91],"paper":[92],"describes":[93],"first":[95,131],"approach":[96,130],"address":[98],"TTS":[99,126,188],"a":[101,113,155,162,204],"real-world":[102],"application":[103],"context":[104],"designing":[106],"an":[107],"end-to-end":[108],"method":[111],"employing":[112],"Hilbert":[114,140],"transform-based":[115],"Generative":[116],"Adversarial":[117],"Network":[118],"(GAN).":[119],"To":[120,148],"reduce":[121],"complexity":[123],"task,":[127],"proposed":[129,187],"detects":[132],"fine":[133],"details":[134],"image":[137],"using":[138],"transform":[141],"Optimum":[144],"Phase":[145],"Congruency":[146],"(OPC).":[147],"overcome":[149],"challenges":[151],"only":[153],"having":[154],"relatively":[156],"small":[157],"number":[158],"training":[160],"samples,":[161],"GAN":[163],"then":[165],"used":[166],"generating":[168],"suitable":[169],"samples":[171],"descriptors":[173],"(i.e.,":[177],"both":[178,191],"recognition).":[181],"The":[182],"superior":[183],"performance":[184],"approach,":[189],"general":[194],"text,":[196],"over":[197],"methods":[200],"demonstrated":[202],"new":[205],"TTS-specific":[206],"dataset":[207],"(publicly":[208],"available)":[209],"well":[211],"existing":[215],"benchmark":[216],"datasets:":[220],"Total-Text,":[221],"CTW1500":[222],"ICDAR":[224],"2015.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T23:12:01.093139","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}