{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386973893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2023.3318289","title":"Inexactly Matched Referring Expression Comprehension With Rationale","display_name":"Inexactly Matched Referring Expression Comprehension With Rationale","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386973893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2023.3318289"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2023.3318289","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2023.3318289","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101616811","display_name":"Xiaochuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6143-0854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144143","display_name":"Inspur (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0474p4r72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaochuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inspur Electronic Information Industry Company, Ltd., Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6143-0854","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inspur Electronic Information Industry Company, Ltd., Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102813072","display_name":"Baoyu Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144143","display_name":"Inspur (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0474p4r72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baoyu Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nankai University, Tianjin, China","Inspur Electronic Information Industry Company, Ltd., Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1918-4762","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nankai University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inspur Electronic Information Industry Company, Ltd., Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101549172","display_name":"Runze Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6318-3342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144143","display_name":"Inspur (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0474p4r72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runze Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inspur Electronic Information Industry Company, Ltd., Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6318-3342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inspur Electronic Information Industry Company, Ltd., Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101715291","display_name":"Kun Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8483-2511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144143","display_name":"Inspur (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0474p4r72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inspur Electronic Information Industry Company, Ltd., Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8483-2511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inspur Electronic Information Industry Company, Ltd., Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055656398","display_name":"Zhenhua Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1303-6681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144143","display_name":"Inspur (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0474p4r72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenhua Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inspur Electronic Information Industry Company, Ltd., Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1303-6681","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inspur Electronic Information Industry Company, Ltd., Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101568187","display_name":"Yaqian Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9170-0090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144143","display_name":"Inspur (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0474p4r72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaqian Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inspur Electronic Information Industry Company, Ltd., Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9170-0090","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inspur Electronic Information Industry Company, Ltd., Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144143"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064453711","display_name":"Rengang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4297-4335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144143","display_name":"Inspur (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0474p4r72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144143"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rengang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Inspur Electronic Information Industry Company, Ltd., Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4297-4335","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inspur Electronic Information Industry Company, Ltd., Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3191,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57251302,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":null,"first_page":"3937","last_page":"3950"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.7482588887214661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7189552783966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6705083847045898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5629988312721252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5505462288856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.549528956413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.5154074430465698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5115931630134583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4734209179878235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4592753052711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-captioning","display_name":"Closed captioning","score":0.4272725582122803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.15068596601486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13872405886650085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08041632175445557}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7482588887214661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7189552783966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6705083847045898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5629988312721252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5505462288856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.549528956413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.5154074430465698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5115931630134583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4734209179878235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4592753052711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157657479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2367247","display_name":"Closed captioning","level":3,"score":0.4272725582122803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.15068596601486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13872405886650085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08041632175445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2023.3318289","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2023.3318289","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56782673","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1905882502","https://openalex.org/W1933349210","https://openalex.org/W1956340063","https://openalex.org/W2018139470","https://openalex.org/W2084818100","https://openalex.org/W2251512949","https://openalex.org/W2270070752","https://openalex.org/W2277195237","https://openalex.org/W2489434015","https://openalex.org/W2558535589","https://openalex.org/W2558809543","https://openalex.org/W2561715562","https://openalex.org/W2566441234","https://openalex.org/W2604769036","https://openalex.org/W2611009517","https://openalex.org/W2779827764","https://openalex.org/W2885909793","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2901988662","https://openalex.org/W2907143950","https://openalex.org/W2946086442","https://openalex.org/W2950635152","https://openalex.org/W2963109634","https://openalex.org/W2963115613","https://openalex.org/W2963735856","https://openalex.org/W2964002344","https://openalex.org/W2964345792","https://openalex.org/W2970231061","https://openalex.org/W2970603850","https://openalex.org/W3034727271","https://openalex.org/W3034952258","https://openalex.org/W3035574168","https://openalex.org/W3090449556","https://openalex.org/W3093355642","https://openalex.org/W3093407505","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3104379732","https://openalex.org/W3104529101","https://openalex.org/W3110435696","https://openalex.org/W3112077297","https://openalex.org/W3159619744","https://openalex.org/W3174004334","https://openalex.org/W3174965650","https://openalex.org/W3175541806","https://openalex.org/W3207204435","https://openalex.org/W3209108897","https://openalex.org/W3212436340","https://openalex.org/W4200498145","https://openalex.org/W4214490042","https://openalex.org/W4220667080","https://openalex.org/W4282937133","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6636547438","https://openalex.org/W6731603083","https://openalex.org/W6767211374","https://openalex.org/W6789909235","https://openalex.org/W6819906663"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210416330","https://openalex.org/W3088136942","https://openalex.org/W2949362007","https://openalex.org/W2775506363","https://openalex.org/W4290852288","https://openalex.org/W4388893791","https://openalex.org/W4283207562","https://openalex.org/W2963177403","https://openalex.org/W2373862202","https://openalex.org/W2388232445"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Referring":[0],"Expression":[1],"Comprehension":[2],"(REC)":[3],"is":[4,54,142],"a":[5,19,31,96,209],"multimodal":[6],"comprehension":[7],"task":[8,132,141],"that":[9,34],"aims":[10],"to":[11,46,81,119,130,213,234],"locate":[12],"an":[13,16,220,226],"object":[14,169],"in":[15,50,56,69,75,219],"image,":[17],"given":[18,36,105],"text":[20,37,62,77,110,151,236],"description.":[21],"Traditionally,":[22],"during":[23],"the":[24,35,40,59,70,76,79,84,104,149,158,167,172,199,215,245],"existing":[25,200],"REC":[26,88,101,137,201],"tasks,":[27],"there":[28,53],"has":[29],"been":[30],"basic":[32],"assumption":[33],"expression":[38,111,152],"and":[39,61,99,107,124,164,189,205],"image":[41,60,71,106],"are":[42,196],"usually":[43],"exactly":[44],"matched":[45,261],"each":[47,64],"other.":[48],"However,":[49],"real-world":[51],"scenarios,":[52],"uncertainty":[55],"how":[57],"well":[58],"match":[63],"other":[65],"exactly.":[66],"Illegible":[67],"objects":[68],"or":[72],"ambiguous":[73],"phrases":[74],"have":[78],"potential":[80],"significantly":[82],"degrade":[83],"performance":[85],"of":[86,247],"conventional":[87],"tasks.":[89],"To":[90],"overcome":[91],"these":[92],"limitations,":[93],"we":[94,224],"consider":[95],"more":[97,256],"practical":[98],"comprehensive":[100],"task,":[102],"where":[103],"its":[108],"referring":[109],"can":[112],"be":[113],"inexactly":[114,260],"matched.":[115],"Our":[116,241],"models":[117],"aim":[118],"correct":[120],"such":[121],"inexact":[122],"matching":[123],"supply":[125],"corresponding":[126],"interpretations.":[127],"We":[128,175,207,251],"refer":[129],"this":[131,161,253],"as":[133],"<italic":[134,182,186,190],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[135,183,187,191],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Further":[136],"(FREC)</i>":[138],".":[139,193],"This":[140],"divided":[143],"into":[144],"three":[145,177,216],"subtasks:":[146],"1)":[147],"correcting":[148],"erroneous":[150],"using":[153],"visual":[154],"information,":[155],"2)":[156],"generating":[157],"rationale":[159],"for":[160,180],"input":[162],"expression,":[163],"3)":[165],"localizing":[166],"proper":[168],"based":[170,197],"on":[171,198,259],"corrected":[173],"expression.":[174],"introduce":[176],"new":[178],"datasets":[179,195],"FREC:":[181],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Further-RefCOCOs</i>":[184],",":[185],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Further-Copsref</i>":[188],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Further-Talk2Car</i>":[192],"These":[194],"datasets,":[202],"including":[203],"RefCOCO":[204],"Talk2Car.":[206],"developed":[208,225],"novel":[210],"pipeline":[211],"architecture":[212],"execute":[214],"subtasks":[217],"simultaneously":[218],"end-to-end":[221],"fashion.":[222],"Next,":[223],"elastic":[227],"masked":[228],"language":[229],"modeling":[230],"(EMLM)":[231],"training":[232],"head":[233],"rectify":[235],"errors":[237],"with":[238],"uncertain":[239],"lengths.":[240],"experimental":[242],"results":[243],"demonstrate":[244],"validity":[246],"our":[248],"proposed":[249],"pipeline.":[250],"hope":[252],"work":[254],"sparks":[255],"research":[257],"focused":[258],"REC.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}