{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292974991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2022.3200578","title":"A Decomposable Causal View of Compositional Zero-Shot Learning","display_name":"A Decomposable Causal View of Compositional Zero-Shot Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292974991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2022.3200578"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2022.3200578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2022.3200578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020925728","display_name":"Muli Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-2931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muli Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-2931","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075259144","display_name":"Chenghao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5888-0504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenghao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066818276","display_name":"Aming Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8426-0392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aming Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015874725","display_name":"Cheng Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-3247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-3247","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1809,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94756981,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"5892","last_page":"5902"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9405999779701233,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.8263996839523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7080367207527161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.6367346048355103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6253739595413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5742942690849304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5127154588699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","score":0.4770595133304596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4626771807670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4174080789089203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.39692986011505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3246421813964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2195500135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.0998234748840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.06454870104789734}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.8263996839523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7080367207527161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6367346048355103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6253739595413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5742942690849304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5127154588699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4770595133304596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4626771807670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4174080789089203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.39692986011505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3246421813964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2195500135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0998234748840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.06454870104789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2022.3200578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2022.3200578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1372603746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171343","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1816562919","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021ZDLGY01-03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3509175749","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZDRC2102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5089867355","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c6\u89c9\u8bed\u8a00\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u8ba4\u77e5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071361","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G986958842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62132016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":104,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W284239745","https://openalex.org/W652269744","https://openalex.org/W1516659296","https://openalex.org/W1517008622","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1875842236","https://openalex.org/W1948251820","https://openalex.org/W1967686239","https://openalex.org/W1996309403","https://openalex.org/W2093848332","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2098411764","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2128532956","https://openalex.org/W2150295085","https://openalex.org/W2157423479","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2400717490","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2513221924","https://openalex.org/W2561715562","https://openalex.org/W2594270457","https://openalex.org/W2611632661","https://openalex.org/W2736809457","https://openalex.org/W2798836702","https://openalex.org/W2889167066","https://openalex.org/W2899867883","https://openalex.org/W2905449860","https://openalex.org/W2940256401","https://openalex.org/W2948303601","https://openalex.org/W2961408367","https://openalex.org/W2962681511","https://openalex.org/W2962762077","https://openalex.org/W2962791511","https://openalex.org/W2963431581","https://openalex.org/W2963499153","https://openalex.org/W2963960318","https://openalex.org/W2964248207","https://openalex.org/W2982863468","https://openalex.org/W2986385672","https://openalex.org/W2996232404","https://openalex.org/W3005680577","https://openalex.org/W3014002215","https://openalex.org/W3034862692","https://openalex.org/W3035060554","https://openalex.org/W3035084814","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3036224891","https://openalex.org/W3037198159","https://openalex.org/W3088715381","https://openalex.org/W3094219444","https://openalex.org/W3095226745","https://openalex.org/W3096805028","https://openalex.org/W3104182862","https://openalex.org/W3143107425","https://openalex.org/W3158711590","https://openalex.org/W3162332195","https://openalex.org/W3170971074","https://openalex.org/W3171007011","https://openalex.org/W3171926364","https://openalex.org/W3174490084","https://openalex.org/W3176716813","https://openalex.org/W3177934633","https://openalex.org/W3183456611","https://openalex.org/W3189076762","https://openalex.org/W3195324332","https://openalex.org/W3212203927","https://openalex.org/W4205306435","https://openalex.org/W4214519690","https://openalex.org/W4220848927","https://openalex.org/W4236213345","https://openalex.org/W4287640040","https://openalex.org/W4288019212","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4297749157","https://openalex.org/W4297808394","https://openalex.org/W4388322752","https://openalex.org/W6630824708","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637242042","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6682222085","https://openalex.org/W6682691769","https://openalex.org/W6726278967","https://openalex.org/W6744066916","https://openalex.org/W6748270630","https://openalex.org/W6766206147","https://openalex.org/W6774314701","https://openalex.org/W6775079355","https://openalex.org/W6779326418","https://openalex.org/W6779997284","https://openalex.org/W6780184713","https://openalex.org/W6780226713","https://openalex.org/W6782868315","https://openalex.org/W6783399553","https://openalex.org/W6784392697","https://openalex.org/W6784692052","https://openalex.org/W6796967493","https://openalex.org/W6844194202","https://openalex.org/W6858752345"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585007175","https://openalex.org/W2382521049","https://openalex.org/W3162204513","https://openalex.org/W2144385241","https://openalex.org/W4300101996","https://openalex.org/W2165950148","https://openalex.org/W4253593777","https://openalex.org/W2951497643","https://openalex.org/W2371138613","https://openalex.org/W2048963458"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Composing":[0],"and":[1],"recognizing":[2,138],"novel":[3],"concepts":[4],"that":[5,37,76],"are":[6,77],"combinations":[7],"of":[8,15,19,25,95,122,141,164],"known":[9,46,142],"concepts,i.e.,":[10],"compositional":[11,86,165],"generalization,":[12],"is":[13,128],"one":[14],"the":[16,23,70,73,93,116,120,148,162],"greatest":[17],"power":[18],"human":[20],"intelligence.":[21],"With":[22],"development":[24],"artificial":[26],"intelligence,":[27],"it":[28],"becomes":[29],"increasingly":[30],"appealing":[31],"to":[32,40,56,79],"build":[33],"a":[34,53,89,102],"vision":[35],"system":[36],"can":[38,62],"generalize":[39],"unknown":[41,139],"compositions":[42,140],"based":[43,107],"on":[44,108,132],"restricted":[45],"knowledge,":[47],"which":[48],"has":[49],"so":[50],"far":[51],"remained":[52],"great":[54],"challenge":[55],"our":[57,109,150],"community.":[58],"In":[59,81],"fact,":[60],"machines":[61],"be":[63],"easily":[64],"misled":[65],"by":[66,114,137],"superficial":[67],"correlations":[68],"in":[69,147],"data,":[71],"disregarding":[72],"causal":[74,90,117],"patterns":[75],"crucial":[78],"generalization.":[80,166],"this":[82],"paper,":[83],"we":[84],"rethink":[85],"generalization":[87],"with":[88,119],"perspective,":[91],"upon":[92],"context":[94],"Compositional":[96],"Zero-Shot":[97],"Learning":[98],"(CZSL).":[99],"We":[100],"develop":[101],"simple":[103,146],"yet":[104],"strong":[105],"approach":[106,151],"novelDecomposableCausal":[110],"view":[111],"(dubbed":[112],"“DeCa”),":[113],"approximating":[115],"effect":[118],"combination":[121],"three":[123],"easy-to-learn":[124],"components.":[125],"Our":[126],"proposedDeCa11Code":[127],"available":[129],"onhttps://github.com/muliyangm/DeCa.is":[130],"evaluated":[131],"two":[133],"challenging":[134],"CZSL":[135],"benchmarks":[136],"concepts.":[143],"Despite":[144],"being":[145],"design,":[149],"achieves":[152],"consistent":[153],"improvements":[154],"over":[155],"state-of-the-art":[156],"baselines,":[157],"demonstrating":[158],"its":[159],"superiority":[160],"towards":[161],"goal":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}