{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285507215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2022.3190678","title":"GSMFlow: Generation Shifts Mitigating Flow for Generalized Zero-Shot Learning","display_name":"GSMFlow: Generation Shifts Mitigating Flow for Generalized Zero-Shot Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285507215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2022.3190678"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2022.3190678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2022.3190678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100456835","display_name":"Zhi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9385-144X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063603492","display_name":"Yadan Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6272-2971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yadan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350745","display_name":"Sen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5414-8276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100338386","display_name":"Jingjing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5504-2529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078170935","display_name":"Zi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-4949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100456835"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0684,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88706177,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"5374","last_page":"5385"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9190000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11316","display_name":"Mycobacterium research and diagnosis","score":0.9125999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6995792388916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6329575181007385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.47454699873924255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affine-transformation","display_name":"Affine transformation","score":0.44783854484558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42301851511001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.41638684272766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3455740213394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.34359419345855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18885067105293274}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6995792388916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6329575181007385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.47454699873924255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92757383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382497","display_name":"Affine transformation","level":2,"score":0.44783854484558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42301851511001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.41638684272766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3455740213394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.34359419345855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18885067105293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2022.3190678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2022.3190678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3115174496","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3124028666","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DP190101985","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3971245475","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE200101610","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6503731947","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CE200100025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W652269744","https://openalex.org/W1797268635","https://openalex.org/W2044913453","https://openalex.org/W2098411764","https://openalex.org/W2105842272","https://openalex.org/W2123024445","https://openalex.org/W2128532956","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2171061940","https://openalex.org/W2334493732","https://openalex.org/W2398118205","https://openalex.org/W2435696002","https://openalex.org/W2519766107","https://openalex.org/W2533598788","https://openalex.org/W2611632661","https://openalex.org/W2739748921","https://openalex.org/W2799215068","https://openalex.org/W2810676804","https://openalex.org/W2899867883","https://openalex.org/W2905461678","https://openalex.org/W2924476266","https://openalex.org/W2954340342","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2962824231","https://openalex.org/W2963283377","https://openalex.org/W2963499153","https://openalex.org/W2963960318","https://openalex.org/W2979571231","https://openalex.org/W2982234480","https://openalex.org/W2990947836","https://openalex.org/W2998708909","https://openalex.org/W3009454144","https://openalex.org/W3034359780","https://openalex.org/W3034730995","https://openalex.org/W3092738584","https://openalex.org/W3092753908","https://openalex.org/W3093192645","https://openalex.org/W3096741441","https://openalex.org/W3097309192","https://openalex.org/W3109728025","https://openalex.org/W3109994846","https://openalex.org/W3121510528","https://openalex.org/W3129157062","https://openalex.org/W3171926364","https://openalex.org/W3203055845","https://openalex.org/W3205534937","https://openalex.org/W4200374933","https://openalex.org/W4210734348","https://openalex.org/W4214480085","https://openalex.org/W4229482837","https://openalex.org/W4289694518","https://openalex.org/W4293469690","https://openalex.org/W4297798428","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W4391602018","https://openalex.org/W6638319203","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6675783020","https://openalex.org/W6678470764","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6714644935","https://openalex.org/W6729906282","https://openalex.org/W6741832134","https://openalex.org/W6752363688","https://openalex.org/W6753758835","https://openalex.org/W6764817228","https://openalex.org/W6784146242"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365211920","https://openalex.org/W3014948380","https://openalex.org/W4380551139","https://openalex.org/W2280377497","https://openalex.org/W3174044702","https://openalex.org/W4238433571","https://openalex.org/W2967848559","https://openalex.org/W4283803360","https://openalex.org/W4317695495","https://openalex.org/W4387506531"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Generalized":[0],"Zero-Shot":[1],"Learning":[2],"(GZSL)":[3],"aims":[4],"to":[5,25,34,41,57,136,164,184,208,215],"recognize":[6],"images":[7],"not":[8],"only":[9],"for":[10,15,97],"seen":[11,24,53],"classes":[12],"but":[13],"also":[14],"unseen":[16,27,44,76,99,172],"ones":[17],"by":[18,64],"transferring":[19],"semantic-visual":[20],"relationships":[21],"from":[22,51,70],"the":[23,26,36,48,52,58,61,71,75,112,138,141,145,151,155,166,171,195,199,210,218,228,243],"classes.":[28,54],"It":[29],"is":[30,206],"an":[31],"intuitive":[32],"solution":[33],"take":[35],"advantage":[37],"of":[38,74,91,140,170,189,198],"generative":[39,87],"models":[40],"hallucinate":[42],"realistic":[43],"samples":[45,63],"based":[46],"on":[47,234,246],"knowledge":[49],"learned":[50],"However,":[55],"due":[56],"generation":[59,113],"shifts,":[60,114],"synthesized":[62],"most":[65],"existing":[66],"methods":[67],"may":[68],"drift":[69],"real":[72],"distribution":[73],"data.":[77],"To":[78],"address":[79,106],"this":[80],"issue,":[81],"we":[82,103,148,174],"propose":[83],"a":[84,176,202],"novel":[85],"flow-based":[86],"framework":[88],"that":[89,110,240],"consists":[90],"multiple":[92],"conditional":[93,159],"affine":[94,160],"coupling":[95,161],"layers":[96],"learning":[98],"data":[100],"generation.":[101],"Specifically,":[102],"investigate":[104],"and":[105,129,192,222],"three":[107],"essential":[108],"problems":[109],"trigger":[111],"<italic":[115,119,124,130],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[116,120,125,131],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">i.e.</i>":[117],",":[118,123,128],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">semantic":[121],"inconsistency</i>":[122],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">variance":[126],"collapse</i>":[127],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">structure":[132],"disorder</i>":[133],".":[134],"First,":[135],"improve":[137],"reflection":[139],"semantic":[142,152,190,229],"information":[143,153],"in":[144,157,227],"generated":[146],"samples,":[147],"proactively":[149],"embed":[150],"into":[154],"transformation":[156],"each":[158],"layer.":[162],"Second,":[163],"promote":[165],"intrinsic":[167],"feature":[168],"variance":[169],"classes,":[173],"introduce":[175],"boundary":[177,197],"sample":[178],"mining":[179],"strategy":[180,205],"with":[181],"entropy":[182],"maximization":[183],"discover":[185],"ambiguous":[186],"visual":[187],"variants":[188],"prototypes":[191],"hereby":[193],"calibrate":[194],"decision":[196],"classifiers.":[200],"Third,":[201],"relative":[203],"positioning":[204],"proposed":[207],"revise":[209],"attribute":[211],"embeddings,":[212],"guiding":[213],"which":[214],"fully":[216],"preserve":[217],"inter-class":[219],"geometric":[220],"structure":[221,225],"further":[223],"avoid":[224],"disorder":[226],"space.":[230],"Extensive":[231],"experimental":[232],"results":[233],"four":[235],"GZSL":[236],"benchmark":[237],"datasets":[238],"demonstrate":[239],"GSMFlow":[241],"achieves":[242],"state-of-the-art":[244],"performance":[245],"GZSL.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}