{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210337376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2022.3146771","title":"Recognition of Handwritten Chinese Text by Segmentation: A Segment-Annotation-Free Approach","display_name":"Recognition of Handwritten Chinese Text by Segmentation: A Segment-Annotation-Free Approach","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210337376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2022.3146771"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2022.3146771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2022.3146771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2207.14801","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012042767","display_name":"Dezhi Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-3449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dezhi Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080674767","display_name":"Lianwen Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5456-0957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianwen Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China","Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangzhou 518066, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangzhou 518066, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103032202","display_name":"Weihong Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2252-3856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079611788","display_name":"Canyu Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6936-525X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Canyu Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010456656","display_name":"Hesuo Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hesuo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003746644","display_name":"Shenggao Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3254-0058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shenggao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Cloud Computing Technologies Company, Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Cloud Computing Technologies Company, Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070777877","display_name":"Jing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8232-2219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Cloud Computing Technologies Company, Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Cloud Computing Technologies Company, Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012042767"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2002,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96684516,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"2368","last_page":"2381"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8742955923080444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7668452262878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7014646530151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.634763777256012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5432620048522949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5123165845870972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connectionism","display_name":"Connectionism","score":0.49157580733299255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.4591725170612335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4426419138908386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.37137770652770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3524189591407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3487285375595093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8742955923080444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7668452262878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7014646530151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.634763777256012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5432620048522949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5123165845870972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8521452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203790","display_name":"Connectionism","level":3,"score":0.49157580733299255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.4591725170612335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4426419138908386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.37137770652770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3524189591407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3487285375595093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2022.3146771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2022.3146771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2207.14801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2207.14801","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2207.14801","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2207.14801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2207.14801","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2207.14801","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1611959150","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771199","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6852825479","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61936003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W242877468","https://openalex.org/W1966404902","https://openalex.org/W1978964824","https://openalex.org/W2004767896","https://openalex.org/W2005035880","https://openalex.org/W2012616030","https://openalex.org/W2033404582","https://openalex.org/W2072058156","https://openalex.org/W2074884967","https://openalex.org/W2105482032","https://openalex.org/W2122585011","https://openalex.org/W2127141656","https://openalex.org/W2133463914","https://openalex.org/W2140090592","https://openalex.org/W2143246460","https://openalex.org/W2144506857","https://openalex.org/W2152928267","https://openalex.org/W2156338447","https://openalex.org/W2194187530","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2343052201","https://openalex.org/W2530921800","https://openalex.org/W2565262489","https://openalex.org/W2578485521","https://openalex.org/W2578496721","https://openalex.org/W2609112450","https://openalex.org/W2735673432","https://openalex.org/W2750938222","https://openalex.org/W2785979806","https://openalex.org/W2787087445","https://openalex.org/W2806717845","https://openalex.org/W2808523546","https://openalex.org/W2810983211","https://openalex.org/W2873558679","https://openalex.org/W2903939166","https://openalex.org/W2933138175","https://openalex.org/W2962712200","https://openalex.org/W2963047498","https://openalex.org/W2963517393","https://openalex.org/W2963526661","https://openalex.org/W2967615747","https://openalex.org/W2979371747","https://openalex.org/W2983626510","https://openalex.org/W2987258871","https://openalex.org/W2988634822","https://openalex.org/W2998382406","https://openalex.org/W2999794487","https://openalex.org/W3003711889","https://openalex.org/W3004264980","https://openalex.org/W3004388780","https://openalex.org/W3034904792","https://openalex.org/W3044568500","https://openalex.org/W3045717997","https://openalex.org/W3049336660","https://openalex.org/W3106271744","https://openalex.org/W3108232474","https://openalex.org/W3108417399","https://openalex.org/W3197469504","https://openalex.org/W3198848843","https://openalex.org/W4210960326","https://openalex.org/W6623517193","https://openalex.org/W6629590909","https://openalex.org/W6632678810","https://openalex.org/W6675365184","https://openalex.org/W6681142079","https://openalex.org/W6739901393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205841273","https://openalex.org/W4205525690","https://openalex.org/W1761388607","https://openalex.org/W1997922073","https://openalex.org/W2361861616","https://openalex.org/W2263699433","https://openalex.org/W2377979023","https://openalex.org/W2604685715","https://openalex.org/W2412160900","https://openalex.org/W2073435713"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Online":[0],"and":[1,25,41,183,196,199],"offline":[2,197],"handwritten":[3,89],"Chinese":[4,90],"text":[5,54,91],"recognition":[6,169],"(HTCR)":[7],"has":[8],"been":[9],"studied":[10],"for":[11,59,87],"decades.":[12],"Early":[13],"methods":[14,34,132,192],"adopted":[15],"oversegmentation-based":[16],"strategies":[17,70],"but":[18],"suffered":[19],"from":[20],"low":[21],"speed,":[22],"insufficient":[23],"accuracy,":[24],"high":[26],"cost":[27],"of":[28,48,140],"character":[29,55,125],"segmentation":[30,126],"annotations.":[31],"Recently,":[32],"segmentation-free":[33,69],"based":[35],"on":[36,174,193],"connectionist":[37],"temporal":[38],"classification":[39],"(CTC)":[40],"attention":[42],"mechanism,":[43],"have":[44],"dominated":[45],"the":[46,66,72,113,123,138,158,161,168],"field":[47],"HCTR.":[49],"However,":[50],"people":[51],"actually":[52],"read":[53],"by":[56,129],"character,":[57],"especially":[58],"ideograms":[60],"such":[61],"as":[62],"Chinese.":[63],"This":[64],"raises":[65],"question:":[67],"are":[68],"really":[71],"best":[73],"solution":[74],"to":[75,111,115,137,153],"HCTR?":[76],"To":[77],"explore":[78],"this":[79],"issue,":[80],"we":[81,147],"propose":[82,148],"a":[83,96,149,201],"new":[84],"segmentation-based":[85,131],"method":[86,108,152,188],"recognizing":[88],"that":[92,186],"is":[93,109],"implemented":[94],"using":[95,118],"simple":[97],"yet":[98],"efficient":[99],"fully":[100,144],"convolutional":[101,145],"network.":[102],"A":[103],"novel":[104],"weakly":[105],"supervised":[106],"learning":[107],"proposed":[110],"enable":[112],"network":[114,159],"be":[116,134],"trained":[117],"only":[119],"transcript":[120],"annotations;":[121],"thus,":[122],"expensive":[124],"annotations":[127],"required":[128],"previous":[130],"can":[133,165],"avoided.":[135],"Owing":[136],"lack":[139],"context":[141],"modeling":[142],"in":[143],"networks,":[146],"contextual":[150,155],"regularization":[151],"integrate":[154],"information":[156],"into":[157],"during":[160],"training":[162],"stage,":[163],"which":[164],"further":[166],"improve":[167],"performance.":[170],"Extensive":[171],"experiments":[172],"conducted":[173],"four":[175],"widely":[176],"used":[177],"benchmarks,":[178],"namely":[179],"CASIA-HWDB,":[180],"CASIA-OLHWDB,":[181],"ICDAR2013,":[182],"SCUT-HCCDoc,":[184],"show":[185],"our":[187],"significantly":[189],"surpasses":[190],"existing":[191],"both":[194],"online":[195],"HCTR,":[198],"exhibits":[200],"considerably":[202],"higher":[203],"inference":[204],"speed":[205],"than":[206],"CTC/attention-based":[207],"approaches.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2022-02-08T00:00:00"}
