{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205757850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2022.3140929","title":"Learning Dual-Level Deep Representation for Thermal Infrared Tracking","display_name":"Learning Dual-Level Deep Representation for Thermal Infrared Tracking","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205757850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2022.3140929"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2022.3140929","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2022.3140929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100393714","display_name":"Qiao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0885-7976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126924076","display_name":"Chongqing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dcw5w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126924076"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Applied Mathematics in Chongqing, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China","Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Applied Mathematics in Chongqing, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126924076"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019455734","display_name":"Di Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9403-1112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114039841","display_name":"Nana Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nana Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028272399","display_name":"Peng Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2230-3937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202126657","display_name":"Qufu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ceheh96","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Shandong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100658181","display_name":"Xin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1670-1368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100740564","display_name":"Zhenyu He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2546-8721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyu He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100393714"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126924076","https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.5709,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":120,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99120388,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"1269","last_page":"1281"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9743000268936157,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7863196134567261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.771028995513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7593468427658081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6730285882949829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6378504633903503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.5053613781929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.47740593552589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-appearance-model","display_name":"Active appearance model","score":0.46674686670303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4647846221923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.44954344630241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.4352155029773712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.29150018095970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.13510707020759583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7863196134567261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.771028995513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7593468427658081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6730285882949829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6378504633903503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.5053613781929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47740593552589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83248878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344000","display_name":"Active appearance model","level":3,"score":0.46674686670303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4647846221923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.44954344630241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.4352155029773712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.29150018095970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.13510707020759583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2022.3140929","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2022.3140929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5186414302","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002241","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8156069797","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172126","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1727279473","https://openalex.org/W1857884451","https://openalex.org/W1914092751","https://openalex.org/W1923332106","https://openalex.org/W1955741794","https://openalex.org/W1963882359","https://openalex.org/W1999621311","https://openalex.org/W2015148749","https://openalex.org/W2077520767","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2156158655","https://openalex.org/W2158592639","https://openalex.org/W2158827467","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2183598498","https://openalex.org/W2211807644","https://openalex.org/W2247229935","https://openalex.org/W2343187456","https://openalex.org/W2470394683","https://openalex.org/W2473868734","https://openalex.org/W2495062528","https://openalex.org/W2495775297","https://openalex.org/W2513005088","https://openalex.org/W2518876086","https://openalex.org/W2551447347","https://openalex.org/W2557641257","https://openalex.org/W2570541895","https://openalex.org/W2605173812","https://openalex.org/W2737362155","https://openalex.org/W2740685955","https://openalex.org/W2765594081","https://openalex.org/W2766177300","https://openalex.org/W2776035257","https://openalex.org/W2783258213","https://openalex.org/W2794109133","https://openalex.org/W2797812763","https://openalex.org/W2799058067","https://openalex.org/W2805902878","https://openalex.org/W2808578929","https://openalex.org/W2894176037","https://openalex.org/W2895588569","https://openalex.org/W2898200825","https://openalex.org/W2902767594","https://openalex.org/W2917435394","https://openalex.org/W2962766801","https://openalex.org/W2962799386","https://openalex.org/W2962824803","https://openalex.org/W2963030525","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963094609","https://openalex.org/W2963188742","https://openalex.org/W2963534981","https://openalex.org/W2963854930","https://openalex.org/W2963905288","https://openalex.org/W2964069521","https://openalex.org/W2964198573","https://openalex.org/W2964242925","https://openalex.org/W2964423614","https://openalex.org/W2966759264","https://openalex.org/W2985509612","https://openalex.org/W2996575194","https://openalex.org/W2997248655","https://openalex.org/W2997896013","https://openalex.org/W3016744474","https://openalex.org/W3035020406","https://openalex.org/W3035453691","https://openalex.org/W3035725297","https://openalex.org/W3041551881","https://openalex.org/W3099681648","https://openalex.org/W3105117126","https://openalex.org/W3108235634","https://openalex.org/W3108519869","https://openalex.org/W3132864630","https://openalex.org/W3183904268","https://openalex.org/W3214586131","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6726083677"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2609539975","https://openalex.org/W2786600129","https://openalex.org/W3119773509","https://openalex.org/W3208297503","https://openalex.org/W2889153461","https://openalex.org/W2964117661","https://openalex.org/W156213964","https://openalex.org/W2050960118","https://openalex.org/W4388405611","https://openalex.org/W2012200063"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"feature":[1,30,62,68,72,137,172,203,221],"models":[2,31,138],"used":[3],"by":[4],"existing":[5],"Thermal":[6],"InfraRed":[7],"(TIR)":[8],"tracking":[9,154,185,229],"methods":[10],"are":[11,32,41,139,147],"usually":[12],"learned":[13],"from":[14],"RGB":[15],"images":[16],"due":[17],"to":[18,43,79,91,98,109,165],"the":[19,65,93,111,128,151,167,175,182,189,197,200,220,239,245],"lack":[20],"of":[21,118,130,177,199],"a":[22,60,105,142,160],"large-scale":[23,161],"TIR":[24,37,75,82,101,125,152,162,184,209,215,228],"image":[25,163],"training":[26,186],"dataset.":[27],"However,":[28],"these":[29,235],"less":[33],"effective":[34],"in":[35,127],"representing":[36],"objects":[38,126],"and":[39,69,123,132,146,193,212,223],"they":[40,48],"difficult":[42],"effectively":[44],"distinguish":[45,80],"distractors":[46],"because":[47],"do":[49],"not":[50],"contain":[51],"fine-grained":[52,70,106,112],"discriminative":[53,67,95],"information.":[54],"To":[55,174,195],"this":[56,180],"end,":[57],"we":[58,84,103,158,205],"propose":[59,104,206],"dual-level":[61,202],"model":[63,222],"containing":[64],"TIR-specific":[66,94,171],"correlation":[71,113],"for":[73,169],"robust":[74],"object":[76,153,191],"tracking.":[77],"Specifically,":[78],"inter-class":[81,131],"objects,":[83,102],"first":[85],"design":[86],"an":[87,207,213],"auxiliary":[88],"multi-classification":[89],"network":[90,168],"learn":[92,110],"feature.":[96,114],"Then,":[97],"recognize":[99],"intra-class":[100,133],"aware":[107],"module":[108],"These":[115,135],"two":[116,136],"kinds":[117],"features":[119],"complement":[120],"each":[121],"other":[122],"represent":[124],"levels":[129],"respectively.":[134],"constructed":[140],"using":[141],"multi-task":[143],"matching":[144],"framework":[145],"jointly":[148],"optimized":[149],"on":[150,219,226,234],"task.":[155],"In":[156],"addition,":[157],"develop":[159],"dataset":[164,187],"train":[166],"learning":[170],"patterns.":[173],"best":[176],"our":[178],"knowledge,":[179],"is":[181],"largest":[183],"with":[188],"richest":[190],"class":[192],"scenario.":[194],"verify":[196],"effectiveness":[198],"proposed":[201,240],"model,":[204],"offline":[208],"tracker":[210,216],"(MMNet)":[211],"online":[214],"(ECO-MM)":[217],"based":[218],"evaluate":[224],"them":[225],"three":[227],"benchmarks.":[230],"Extensive":[231],"experimental":[232],"results":[233],"benchmarks":[236],"demonstrate":[237],"that":[238],"algorithms":[241],"perform":[242],"favorably":[243],"against":[244],"state-of-the-art":[246],"methods.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
