{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3156129346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2021.3073811","title":"Approximate <i>k</i>-NN Graph Construction: A Generic Online Approach","display_name":"Approximate <i>k</i>-NN Graph Construction: A Generic Online Approach","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3156129346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2021.3073811","mag":"3156129346"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2021.3073811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2021.3073811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101660306","display_name":"Wan\u2010Lei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7915-447X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wan-Lei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100340000","display_name":"Hui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8982-0571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010722442","display_name":"Chong\u2010Wah Ngo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4182-8261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong-Wah Ngo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101660306"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3565,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82761247,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":null,"first_page":"1909","last_page":"1921"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6365799307823181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.5583380460739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5389497876167297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4518928825855255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.37849006056785583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.3574012815952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3455007076263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2112317681312561}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6365799307823181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5583380460739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5389497876167297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4518928825855255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.37849006056785583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.3574012815952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3455007076263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2112317681312561}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2021.3073811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2021.3073811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1149768127","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20720180074","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325434","funder_display_name":"Xiamen University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6510028675","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61572408","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8375933051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972326","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325434","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W206566442","https://openalex.org/W288635123","https://openalex.org/W642889137","https://openalex.org/W1550211845","https://openalex.org/W1978112828","https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2007972815","https://openalex.org/W2020308406","https://openalex.org/W2086179657","https://openalex.org/W2086504823","https://openalex.org/W2099253838","https://openalex.org/W2110026675","https://openalex.org/W2118269922","https://openalex.org/W2119913432","https://openalex.org/W2121456571","https://openalex.org/W2124509324","https://openalex.org/W2130502756","https://openalex.org/W2131846894","https://openalex.org/W2142126424","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2151135734","https://openalex.org/W2161694911","https://openalex.org/W2162006472","https://openalex.org/W2165558283","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2200631819","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2278624983","https://openalex.org/W2427312773","https://openalex.org/W2460613287","https://openalex.org/W2468923260","https://openalex.org/W2526367648","https://openalex.org/W2530430788","https://openalex.org/W2757662681","https://openalex.org/W2926128080","https://openalex.org/W2942181934","https://openalex.org/W2963265099","https://openalex.org/W2963284996","https://openalex.org/W2963469388","https://openalex.org/W2998702515","https://openalex.org/W4254197176","https://openalex.org/W6600697508","https://openalex.org/W6605707561","https://openalex.org/W6610514318","https://openalex.org/W6679446029","https://openalex.org/W6683389101","https://openalex.org/W6685012337","https://openalex.org/W6695008928","https://openalex.org/W6727823000","https://openalex.org/W6760944399"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2980963558","https://openalex.org/W1882246857","https://openalex.org/W3103304230","https://openalex.org/W2185360082","https://openalex.org/W1992365905","https://openalex.org/W1976691234","https://openalex.org/W3212023493","https://openalex.org/W2090715877","https://openalex.org/W2572370460"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nearest":[0],"neighbor":[1,8,61,69,92,119,125,143,153,195,202],"search":[2,62,99,126,203],"and":[3,26,32,63,197,217],"<italic":[4,57,65,88,106,115,139,149,191,198],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[5,58,66,89,107,116,140,150,192,199],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">k</i>":[6,59,67,90,108,117,141,151,193,200],"-nearest":[7,60,68,91,109,118,142,152,194,201],"graph":[9,70,93,120,130,144,157],"construction":[10,71,94,196],"are":[11,77],"two":[12,75],"fundamental":[13],"issues":[14,76],"that":[15],"arise":[16],"from":[17],"many":[18],"disciplines":[19],"such":[20],"as":[21,97,190],"multimedia":[22],"information":[23],"retrieval,":[24],"data-mining,":[25],"machine":[27],"learning.":[28],"They":[29],"become":[30],"more":[31,33],"imminent":[34],"given":[35],"the":[36,86,114,123,129,134,137,156,161,165,174],"big":[37],"data":[38,211],"emerge":[39],"in":[40,43,80,212],"various":[41,184,215],"fields":[42],"recent":[44],"years.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"a":[49,98],"simple":[50],"but":[51],"effective":[52],"solution":[53,180],"both":[54,189],"for":[55,171,183],"approximate":[56,64,87],"is":[72,95,111,145,158,168,177,181,205],"presented.":[73],"These":[74],"addressed":[78],"jointly":[79],"our":[81],"solution.":[82],"On":[83,133],"one":[84],"hand,":[85,136],"treated":[96],"task.":[100],"Each":[101],"sample":[102],"along":[103],"with":[104],"its":[105],"neighbors":[110],"joined":[112],"into":[113],"by":[121],"performing":[122],"nearest":[124],"sequentially":[127],"on":[128,164],"under":[131,218],"construction.":[132],"other":[135],"built":[138,159],"used":[146],"to":[147],"support":[148],"search.":[154],"Since":[155],"online,":[160],"dynamic":[162],"update":[163],"graph,":[166],"which":[167],"not":[169],"possible":[170],"most":[172],"of":[173,210],"existing":[175],"solutions,":[176],"supported.":[178],"This":[179],"feasible":[182],"distance":[185],"measures.":[186],"Its":[187],"effectiveness":[188],"approaches":[204],"verified":[206],"across":[207],"different":[208,213,219],"types":[209],"scales,":[214],"dimensions,":[216],"metrics.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
