{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3127812914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2021.3057493","title":"Multi-Focus Image Fusion Based on Multi-Scale Gradients and Image Matting","display_name":"Multi-Focus Image Fusion Based on Multi-Scale Gradients and Image Matting","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3127812914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2021.3057493","mag":"3127812914"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2021.3057493","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2021.3057493","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004753222","display_name":"Jun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9005-6849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100668553","display_name":"Xuejiao Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuejiao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103994135","display_name":"Linbo Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linbo Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040010053","display_name":"Jiayi Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3264-3265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004753222"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8224,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98112871,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":null,"first_page":"655","last_page":"667"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7864614129066467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7827799320220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-fusion","display_name":"Image fusion","score":0.7694895267486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6636838316917419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6021755933761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.5459883809089661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.519740104675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5190668702125549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44974663853645325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.36963436007499695}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7864614129066467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7827799320220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.7694895267486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6636838316917419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6021755933761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.5459883809089661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.519740104675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5190668702125549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44974663853645325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.36963436007499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2021.3057493","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2021.3057493","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2902787458","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41977242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3260984976","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61773295","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5624034642","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62073304","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7657105740","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61973283","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1763453483","https://openalex.org/W1964641132","https://openalex.org/W1965557194","https://openalex.org/W1970302834","https://openalex.org/W1980382026","https://openalex.org/W1994616697","https://openalex.org/W1994714721","https://openalex.org/W1999034606","https://openalex.org/W1999316653","https://openalex.org/W2010307644","https://openalex.org/W2014886478","https://openalex.org/W2015264084","https://openalex.org/W2020442368","https://openalex.org/W2026651590","https://openalex.org/W2031822895","https://openalex.org/W2034134581","https://openalex.org/W2036987997","https://openalex.org/W2039465985","https://openalex.org/W2046925174","https://openalex.org/W2058424987","https://openalex.org/W2064562647","https://openalex.org/W2083388902","https://openalex.org/W2091484864","https://openalex.org/W2095003058","https://openalex.org/W2103504761","https://openalex.org/W2116702374","https://openalex.org/W2124260943","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2138189303","https://openalex.org/W2146353910","https://openalex.org/W2153868441","https://openalex.org/W2157887643","https://openalex.org/W2163932540","https://openalex.org/W2168783614","https://openalex.org/W2169040970","https://openalex.org/W2170163526","https://openalex.org/W2170726488","https://openalex.org/W2522703671","https://openalex.org/W2559870345","https://openalex.org/W2621197300","https://openalex.org/W2624240493","https://openalex.org/W2756284042","https://openalex.org/W2761780228","https://openalex.org/W2777967210","https://openalex.org/W2809795042","https://openalex.org/W2890144132","https://openalex.org/W2912126472","https://openalex.org/W2912147220","https://openalex.org/W2913271495","https://openalex.org/W2931894371","https://openalex.org/W2960381823","https://openalex.org/W2998012573","https://openalex.org/W2998529071","https://openalex.org/W3011987611","https://openalex.org/W3023991509","https://openalex.org/W3046194589","https://openalex.org/W3047057232","https://openalex.org/W3083574456","https://openalex.org/W6659690329","https://openalex.org/W6680333878"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2919827088","https://openalex.org/W2725429296","https://openalex.org/W2788731446","https://openalex.org/W2204403038","https://openalex.org/W3152170969","https://openalex.org/W2379054866","https://openalex.org/W2549658594","https://openalex.org/W2370195708","https://openalex.org/W1490651872","https://openalex.org/W2139242969"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-focus":[0],"image":[1,26,37,66,137,175,181],"fusion":[2,38,67,132,176,180,187,222],"technology":[3],"is":[4,78,102,140,182],"to":[5,22,35,45,58,74,80,118,128,142,163,172,204],"extract":[6,59],"different":[7],"focused":[8,16,61],"regions":[9,167],"of":[10,49,155,168,208],"the":[11,40,47,50,54,60,69,75,91,95,99,105,110,144,148,156,160,165,169,174,186,191,206,209,220],"same":[12],"scene":[13],"among":[14],"partially":[15],"images":[17,52,162],"and":[18,53,98,109,190,197,229,236],"merge":[19],"them":[20],"together":[21],"generate":[23],"a":[24,130,135,179],"composite":[25],"where":[27],"all":[28],"objects":[29],"are":[30,39,116],"clear.":[31],"Two":[32],"crucial":[33],"points":[34],"multi-focus":[36,65],"effective":[41],"focus":[42,76,121],"measurement":[43,77,107,122],"method":[44,57,223],"evaluate":[46],"sharpness":[48],"source":[51,161,192],"accurate":[55,120,226],"segmentation":[56],"regions.":[62],"In":[63,88,126],"conventional":[64],"methods,":[68],"decision":[70,133,170,188,227],"map":[71,171,189],"obtained":[72],"according":[73],"sensitive":[79],"mis-registration,":[81],"or":[82],"produces":[83],"an":[84],"uneven":[85],"boundary":[86],"lines.":[87],"this":[89],"paper,":[90],"maximum":[92],"value":[93],"in":[94,233],"top-hat":[96],"transform":[97,101],"bottom-hat":[100],"used":[103,117,141],"as":[104],"gradient":[106],"value,":[108],"complementary":[111],"features":[112],"between":[113,159],"multiple":[114],"scales":[115],"achieve":[119,230],"for":[123],"initial":[124,149],"segmentation.":[125,150],"order":[127],"obtain":[129,225],"better":[131,231],"map,":[134],"robust":[136],"matting":[138],"algorithm":[139],"refine":[143],"trimap":[145],"generated":[146],"by":[147],"Then,":[151],"make":[152],"full":[153],"use":[154],"strong":[157],"correlation":[158],"optimize":[164],"edge":[166],"improve":[173],"quality.":[177],"Finally,":[178],"constructed":[183],"based":[184],"on":[185,200],"images.":[193],"We":[194],"perform":[195],"qualitative":[196],"quantitative":[198,237],"experiments":[199],"publicly":[201],"available":[202],"databases":[203],"verify":[205],"effectiveness":[207],"method.":[210],"The":[211],"results":[212],"show":[213],"that":[214],"compared":[215],"with":[216],"several":[217],"state-of-the-art":[218],"algorithms,":[219],"proposed":[221],"can":[224],"maps":[228],"performance":[232],"visual":[234],"perception":[235],"analysis.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
