{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3127317646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2021.3055362","title":"Multimodal Cross-Layer Bilinear Pooling for RGBT Tracking","display_name":"Multimodal Cross-Layer Bilinear Pooling for RGBT Tracking","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3127317646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2021.3055362","mag":"3127317646"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2021.3055362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2021.3055362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081006499","display_name":"Qin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9020-2006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China","[School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, 12487 Hefei, Anhui, China, (e-mail: xuqin2013@aliyun.com)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, 12487 Hefei, Anhui, China, (e-mail: xuqin2013@aliyun.com)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009189969","display_name":"Yiming Mei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiming Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China","[School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, 12487 Hefei, Anhui, China, (e-mail: yimingmeiahu@163.com)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, 12487 Hefei, Anhui, China, (e-mail: yimingmeiahu@163.com)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005697228","display_name":"Jinpei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-6247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinpei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business, Anhui University, Hefei, China","[School of Business, Anhui University, 12487 Hefei, Anhui, China, (e-mail: liujinpei2012@163.com)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, Anhui University, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Business, Anhui University, 12487 Hefei, Anhui, China, (e-mail: liujinpei2012@163.com)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100398932","display_name":"Chenglong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-2739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenglong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China","[Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, 12487 Hefei, China, 230601 (e-mail: lcl1314@foxmail.com)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, 12487 Hefei, China, 230601 (e-mail: lcl1314@foxmail.com)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081006499"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4105,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97540904,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":null,"first_page":"567","last_page":"580"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.833274781703949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.7686663866043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenation","display_name":"Concatenation (mathematics)","score":0.660601019859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6081230044364929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5672194361686707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilinear-interpolation","display_name":"Bilinear interpolation","score":0.5149234533309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.49165230989456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4856930673122406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.46283698081970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38901689648628235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33555835485458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3255155384540558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.26702794432640076}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.833274781703949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.7686663866043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87619178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126002","display_name":"Concatenation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.660601019859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6081230044364929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5672194361686707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205203396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612143","display_name":"Bilinear interpolation","level":2,"score":0.5149234533309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.49165230989456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4856930673122406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.46283698081970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38901689648628235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33555835485458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3255155384540558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.26702794432640076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2021.3055362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2021.3055362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1877004867","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61502003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G458104311","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61976003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4959458362","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"72071001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W182940129","https://openalex.org/W1857884451","https://openalex.org/W1910108985","https://openalex.org/W1999621311","https://openalex.org/W2016802777","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2104657103","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2118837987","https://openalex.org/W2167222792","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2214012879","https://openalex.org/W2214352687","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2343187456","https://openalex.org/W2475287302","https://openalex.org/W2485522583","https://openalex.org/W2527415613","https://openalex.org/W2556556019","https://openalex.org/W2558899534","https://openalex.org/W2577056945","https://openalex.org/W2583638424","https://openalex.org/W2587989515","https://openalex.org/W2608295741","https://openalex.org/W2747623286","https://openalex.org/W2749507674","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2765667535","https://openalex.org/W2775609985","https://openalex.org/W2777534232","https://openalex.org/W2789137832","https://openalex.org/W2790928014","https://openalex.org/W2791779647","https://openalex.org/W2866634454","https://openalex.org/W2883502031","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2888270240","https://openalex.org/W2888456413","https://openalex.org/W2889260328","https://openalex.org/W2891969803","https://openalex.org/W2894879265","https://openalex.org/W2896228140","https://openalex.org/W2896632102","https://openalex.org/W2909946038","https://openalex.org/W2911671827","https://openalex.org/W2921749009","https://openalex.org/W2940928832","https://openalex.org/W2945809413","https://openalex.org/W2948153973","https://openalex.org/W2954773727","https://openalex.org/W2955058313","https://openalex.org/W2962691289","https://openalex.org/W2962824803","https://openalex.org/W2963066927","https://openalex.org/W2963188742","https://openalex.org/W2963905288","https://openalex.org/W2964198573","https://openalex.org/W2964423614","https://openalex.org/W2969313722","https://openalex.org/W2970995493","https://openalex.org/W2985033611","https://openalex.org/W2987906097","https://openalex.org/W2996575194","https://openalex.org/W2997131652","https://openalex.org/W2998395690","https://openalex.org/W2998756268","https://openalex.org/W3002567850","https://openalex.org/W3012425959","https://openalex.org/W3016744474","https://openalex.org/W3086755561","https://openalex.org/W3099681648","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638444622","https://openalex.org/W6676161993","https://openalex.org/W6754805553"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950524887","https://openalex.org/W2883502031","https://openalex.org/W4401096132","https://openalex.org/W2261271299","https://openalex.org/W2963066927","https://openalex.org/W4280638452","https://openalex.org/W3111811104","https://openalex.org/W4380083739","https://openalex.org/W4285020665","https://openalex.org/W3160506688"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hierarchical":[0],"deep":[1,65,163],"features":[2,66,133,184],"can":[3],"provide":[4],"multilevel":[5],"abstractions":[6],"of":[7,58,81,112,126,169,185,198,202,212],"target":[8,16],"objects,":[9],"which":[10,77,154],"play":[11],"an":[12,193],"important":[13],"role":[14],"in":[15,30,89,192],"localization":[17],"and":[18,32,75,165],"classification.":[19],"Determining":[20],"how":[21],"to":[22,38,108,121,179],"effectively":[23,160],"aggregate":[24,63,180],"abstract":[25],"information":[26,57,168],"from":[27,67],"different":[28,186,190],"levels":[29],"RGB":[31],"thermal":[33],"modalities":[34,191],"is":[35,144,155,177],"the":[36,55,59,79,82,110,113,123,151,162,170,181,210],"key":[37],"exploiting":[39],"their":[40],"complementary":[41],"advantages":[42],"for":[43,101,129],"robust":[44],"RGBT":[45,49,102],"tracking.":[46,103],"However,":[47],"existing":[48],"tracking":[50,219],"algorithms":[51],"either":[52],"focus":[53],"on":[54,146,204],"semantic":[56,164],"last":[60],"layer":[61,132,187],"or":[62],"hierarchical":[64,136],"each":[68],"modal":[69],"using":[70],"simple":[71],"operations":[72],"(e.g.,":[73],"summation":[74],"concatenation),":[76],"limit":[78],"capability":[80],"multimodal":[83,96],"tracker.":[84],"To":[85],"address":[86],"these":[87],"issues,":[88],"this":[90],"paper,":[91],"we":[92,115],"propose":[93],"a":[94,117,140,156,173,199],"novel":[95],"cross-layer":[97],"bilinear":[98,141,182],"pooling":[99,142,183],"network":[100],"In":[104],"our":[105,213],"network,":[106],"firstly,":[107],"boost":[109],"performance":[111],"tracker,":[114],"use":[116],"channel":[118],"attention":[119],"mechanism":[120],"implement":[122],"adaptive":[124,194],"calibration":[125],"feature":[127,137],"channels":[128],"all":[130],"convolutional":[131],"before":[134],"realizing":[135],"fusion.":[138],"Then,":[139],"operation":[143],"performed":[145],"any":[147],"two":[148,205],"layers":[149],"through":[150],"cross":[152],"product,":[153],"second-order":[157],"computation":[158],"that":[159],"aggregates":[161],"shallow":[166],"texture":[167],"target.":[171],"Finally,":[172],"quality-aware":[174],"fusion":[175],"module":[176],"designed":[178],"interactions":[188],"between":[189],"manner.":[195],"The":[196],"results":[197],"large":[200],"number":[201],"experiments":[203],"public":[206],"benchmark":[207],"datasets":[208],"demonstrate":[209],"effectiveness":[211],"tracker":[214],"compared":[215],"with":[216],"other":[217],"state-of-the-art":[218],"methods.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
