{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3014352273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2020.2984093","title":"Spatial-Temporal Cascade Autoencoder for Video Anomaly Detection in Crowded Scenes","display_name":"Spatial-Temporal Cascade Autoencoder for Video Anomaly Detection in Crowded Scenes","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3014352273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2020.2984093","mag":"3014352273"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2020.2984093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2020.2984093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074334654","display_name":"Nanjun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nanjun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan, China","School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070332088","display_name":"Faliang Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1276-2267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faliang Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan, China","School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1276-2267","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065058741","display_name":"Chunsheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5516-2486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunsheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan, China","School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5516-2486","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.1679,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":179,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99036073,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":null,"first_page":"203","last_page":"215"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.8059609532356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7866775989532471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6544178128242493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade","display_name":"Cascade","score":0.6424088478088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6187604069709778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5948778986930847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4568953216075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.15911376476287842}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.8059609532356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7866775989532471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6544178128242493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.6424088478088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6187604069709778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5948778986930847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4568953216075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.15911376476287842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2020.2984093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2020.2984093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4464827283","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61673244","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483393862","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1522734439","https://openalex.org/W1595717062","https://openalex.org/W1818594852","https://openalex.org/W1827297289","https://openalex.org/W1921523184","https://openalex.org/W1967456674","https://openalex.org/W2003277124","https://openalex.org/W2012931101","https://openalex.org/W2040321327","https://openalex.org/W2074076772","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2112657736","https://openalex.org/W2118877769","https://openalex.org/W2122361470","https://openalex.org/W2124917681","https://openalex.org/W2125105611","https://openalex.org/W2125896931","https://openalex.org/W2130349088","https://openalex.org/W2138092272","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2148301747","https://openalex.org/W2156303437","https://openalex.org/W2160302285","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2163612318","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2164261375","https://openalex.org/W2164489414","https://openalex.org/W2271840356","https://openalex.org/W2341058432","https://openalex.org/W2460849547","https://openalex.org/W2508497007","https://openalex.org/W2514348320","https://openalex.org/W2519750370","https://openalex.org/W2527524734","https://openalex.org/W2559927751","https://openalex.org/W2579718262","https://openalex.org/W2587789887","https://openalex.org/W2592232824","https://openalex.org/W2599354622","https://openalex.org/W2611452998","https://openalex.org/W2665124875","https://openalex.org/W2734591310","https://openalex.org/W2753526808","https://openalex.org/W2766042539","https://openalex.org/W2790413099","https://openalex.org/W2793657457","https://openalex.org/W2808699053","https://openalex.org/W2886523323","https://openalex.org/W2890292428","https://openalex.org/W2899116516","https://openalex.org/W2941706351","https://openalex.org/W2953301748","https://openalex.org/W2962791923","https://openalex.org/W2963061824","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963541464","https://openalex.org/W2963610939","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964232409","https://openalex.org/W2968836008","https://openalex.org/W2979299656","https://openalex.org/W3101203783","https://openalex.org/W4318977982","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6638685980","https://openalex.org/W6640185926","https://openalex.org/W6677548441","https://openalex.org/W6682864246","https://openalex.org/W6694517276","https://openalex.org/W6730548322","https://openalex.org/W6735108248","https://openalex.org/W6737606637","https://openalex.org/W6780248173"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013693939","https://openalex.org/W2566616303","https://openalex.org/W2159052453","https://openalex.org/W3131327266","https://openalex.org/W2734887215","https://openalex.org/W2803255133","https://openalex.org/W4297051394","https://openalex.org/W3186512740","https://openalex.org/W4363671829","https://openalex.org/W2780476542"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Time-efficient":[0],"anomaly":[1],"detection":[2,153],"and":[3,44,67,84,134,146,158],"localization":[4],"in":[5,108,119],"video":[6,48,82],"surveillance":[7],"still":[8],"remains":[9],"challenging":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,78,94,99,142,149],"the":[13,74,101,104,109,112,115,132,144,156],"complexity":[14],"of":[15,29,41,103,131],"\u201canomaly\u201d.":[16],"In":[17],"this":[18],"paper,":[19],"we":[20],"propose":[21],"a":[22,27,32,62,68,96],"cuboid-patch-based":[23],"method":[24],"characterized":[25],"by":[26,57],"cascade":[28,34],"classifiers":[30],"called":[31],"spatial-temporal":[33,63,69],"autoencoder":[35,65,71],"(ST-CaAE),":[36],"which":[37],"makes":[38],"full":[39],"use":[40],"both":[42],"spatial":[43],"temporal":[45],"cues":[46,148],"from":[47],"data.":[49,106],"The":[50,88,167,176],"ST-CaAE":[51,169],"has":[52],"two":[53,58],"main":[54],"stages,":[55],"defined":[56],"proposed":[59,168],"neural":[60],"networks:":[61],"adversarial":[64],"(ST-AAE)":[66],"convolutional":[70],"(ST-CAE).":[72],"First,":[73],"ST-AAE":[75,92],"is":[76,93,140,170],"used":[77],"preliminarily":[79],"identify":[80],"anomalous":[81,121],"cuboids":[83,161],"exclude":[85],"normal":[86],"cuboids.":[87],"key":[89],"idea":[90],"underlying":[91],"obtain":[95],"Gaussian":[97],"model":[98],"fit":[100],"distribution":[102],"regular":[105],"Then":[107],"second":[110],"stage,":[111],"ST-CAE":[113],"classifies":[114],"specific":[116],"abnormal":[117],"patches":[118],"each":[120,165],"cuboid":[122],"with":[123],"reconstruction":[124],"error":[125],"based":[126],"strategy":[127],"that":[128,180],"takes":[129],"advantage":[130],"CAE":[133],"skip":[135],"connection.":[136],"A":[137],"two-stream":[138],"framework":[139,182],"utilized":[141],"fuse":[143],"appearance":[145],"motion":[147],"achieve":[150],"more":[151],"complete":[152],"results,":[154],"taking":[155],"gradient":[157],"optical":[159],"flow":[160],"as":[162],"inputs":[163],"for":[164],"stream.":[166],"evaluated":[171],"using":[172],"three":[173],"public":[174],"datasets.":[175],"experimental":[177],"results":[178],"verify":[179],"our":[181],"outperforms":[183],"other":[184],"state-of-the-art":[185],"works.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}