{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2974118232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2019.2942478","title":"Hierarchical Coding of Convolutional Features for Scene Recognition","display_name":"Hierarchical Coding of Convolutional Features for Scene Recognition","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2974118232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2019.2942478","mag":"2974118232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2019.2942478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2019.2942478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027937580","display_name":"Lin Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1991-9143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1991-9143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025664604","display_name":"Feifei Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9021-136X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100418853","display_name":"Li Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8149-0042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8149-0042","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033657910","display_name":"Zhong Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2013-4009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhong Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071392629","display_name":"Qiu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3079-9207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116465919","display_name":"Kogakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wc2tq75","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116465919"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Major of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3079-9207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Major of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116465919"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0843,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90145333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"5","first_page":"1182","last_page":"1192"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8608455657958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.8596898317337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7793099880218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7195699214935303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7093340158462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-coding","display_name":"Neural coding","score":0.6229027509689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5388327240943909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-code","display_name":"Convolutional code","score":0.5200942754745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4748031198978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.4651661217212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.4534067213535309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.43428370356559753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.36675718426704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34574851393699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.21440714597702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.10441690683364868}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8608455657958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8596898317337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7793099880218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7195699214935303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7093340158462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77637269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002051","display_name":"Neural coding","level":2,"score":0.6229027509689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5388327240943909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157899210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395022","display_name":"Convolutional code","level":3,"score":0.5200942754745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4748031198978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.4651661217212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.4534067213535309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.43428370356559753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.36675718426704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34574851393699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.21440714597702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.10441690683364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2019.2942478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2019.2942478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W99353449","https://openalex.org/W280294731","https://openalex.org/W300523764","https://openalex.org/W591046810","https://openalex.org/W603908379","https://openalex.org/W1524680991","https://openalex.org/W1566135517","https://openalex.org/W1603133675","https://openalex.org/W1625255723","https://openalex.org/W1880213544","https://openalex.org/W1909952827","https://openalex.org/W1924160326","https://openalex.org/W1966385142","https://openalex.org/W1984309565","https://openalex.org/W2001123951","https://openalex.org/W2017214807","https://openalex.org/W2027922120","https://openalex.org/W2028930140","https://openalex.org/W2033832873","https://openalex.org/W2062118960","https://openalex.org/W2063978378","https://openalex.org/W2070792803","https://openalex.org/W2077689834","https://openalex.org/W2084435358","https://openalex.org/W2087164515","https://openalex.org/W2094618318","https://openalex.org/W2097018403","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2112447569","https://openalex.org/W2113740552","https://openalex.org/W2113855951","https://openalex.org/W2115628259","https://openalex.org/W2125574651","https://openalex.org/W2131846894","https://openalex.org/W2134670479","https://openalex.org/W2139468722","https://openalex.org/W2146022472","https://openalex.org/W2147625498","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2152161678","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2169177311","https://openalex.org/W2191616647","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2258484932","https://openalex.org/W2289772031","https://openalex.org/W2291068538","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2295119554","https://openalex.org/W2312968420","https://openalex.org/W2340944510","https://openalex.org/W2403310638","https://openalex.org/W2517292647","https://openalex.org/W2527800741","https://openalex.org/W2532478580","https://openalex.org/W2562963488","https://openalex.org/W2610614780","https://openalex.org/W2613237644","https://openalex.org/W2620429297","https://openalex.org/W2620858446","https://openalex.org/W2732026016","https://openalex.org/W2755125693","https://openalex.org/W2766722543","https://openalex.org/W2771229598","https://openalex.org/W2787916046","https://openalex.org/W2928848482","https://openalex.org/W2962828890","https://openalex.org/W3101522362","https://openalex.org/W3102084631","https://openalex.org/W3106334569","https://openalex.org/W4232730838","https://openalex.org/W4293858004","https://openalex.org/W6618372016","https://openalex.org/W6635942375","https://openalex.org/W6636494156","https://openalex.org/W6674642818","https://openalex.org/W6676727762","https://openalex.org/W6677322961","https://openalex.org/W6679792166","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6684872329","https://openalex.org/W6720229151","https://openalex.org/W6728881802","https://openalex.org/W6748327914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144332008","https://openalex.org/W2761785940","https://openalex.org/W3176438653","https://openalex.org/W2981628807","https://openalex.org/W4379875147","https://openalex.org/W3012393889","https://openalex.org/W3189091156","https://openalex.org/W3014041368","https://openalex.org/W4386087993","https://openalex.org/W4285815841"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Convolutional":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(CNNs)":[3],"have":[4],"achieved":[5],"great":[6],"success":[7],"in":[8],"visual":[9],"recognition":[10,31,71,164],"because":[11],"of":[12,15,25,58,63],"the":[13,21,40,47,55,61,70,90,101,108,124,137,148,163],"availability":[14],"large-scale":[16],"image":[17,103,153],"datasets,":[18],"such":[19],"as":[20],"ImageNet.":[22],"The":[23],"transfer":[24],"convolutional":[26,41,118],"features":[27,42,119],"to":[28,84,106,122,146],"challenging":[29],"scene":[30],"remains":[32],"an":[33],"open":[34],"problem.":[35],"Multiple":[36],"non-linear":[37],"transforms":[38],"endow":[39],"with":[43,96,167],"abundant":[44],"information.":[45],"On":[46],"other":[48],"side,":[49],"CNNs":[50],"are":[51,104],"adept":[52],"at":[53],"capturing":[54],"holistic":[56],"appearances":[57],"scenes,":[59],"whereas":[60],"lack":[62],"some":[64],"critical":[65],"local":[66],"details":[67],"may":[68],"reduce":[69],"accuracy.":[72],"To":[73,88],"address":[74],"these":[75],"problems,":[76],"we":[77],"propose":[78],"a":[79],"novel":[80],"hierarchical":[81],"coding":[82,142],"algorithm":[83],"learn":[85,123,147],"effective":[86],"representations.":[87,154],"adapt":[89],"scale":[91,129],"variations,":[92],"many":[93],"useful":[94],"patches":[95],"various":[97],"scales":[98],"sampled":[99],"from":[100],"whole":[102],"considered":[105],"provide":[107],"sufficient":[109],"details.":[110],"Non-negative":[111],"sparse":[112],"decomposition":[113],"model":[114],"(NNSD)":[115],"based":[116],"on":[117,136,175],"is":[120,144],"proposed":[121,145],"sharable":[125],"components":[126,150],"for":[127],"each":[128],"and":[130,151,171],"further":[131],"produce":[132],"global":[133,138],"signatures.":[134],"Based":[135],"signatures,":[139],"inter-class":[140],"linear":[141],"(ICLC)":[143],"discriminative":[149],"ultimate":[152],"Experimental":[155],"results":[156],"indicate":[157],"that":[158],"our":[159],"approach":[160],"significantly":[161],"improves":[162],"accuracy":[165],"compared":[166],"general":[168],"CNN":[169],"models":[170],"achieves":[172],"excellent":[173],"performance":[174],"five":[176],"standard":[177],"benchmarks.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
