{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2889064837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2018.2867260","title":"GPU-Based Hierarchical Motion Estimation for High Efficiency Video Coding","display_name":"GPU-Based Hierarchical Motion Estimation for High Efficiency Video Coding","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2889064837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2018.2867260","mag":"2889064837"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2018.2867260","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2018.2867260","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086988634","display_name":"Falei Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3263-9549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Falei Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3263-9549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100385183","display_name":"Shanshe Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanshe Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","National Engineering Laboratory for Video Technology, School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7665-7434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Video Technology, School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100385178","display_name":"Shiqi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3583-959X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiqi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","National Engineering Laboratory for Video Technology, School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3583-959X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Video Technology, School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055937409","display_name":"Xinfeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7517-3868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinfeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7517-3868","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039832462","display_name":"Siwei Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2731-5403"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siwei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Laboratory for Video Technology, School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2731-5403","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Video Technology, School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101523804","display_name":"Wen Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8894-1806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Laboratory for Video Technology, School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Video Technology, School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1615,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88470312,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"851","last_page":"862"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8812393546104431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadtree","display_name":"Quadtree","score":0.7010051608085632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-vector","display_name":"Motion vector","score":0.6337049007415771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding-tree-unit","display_name":"Coding tree unit","score":0.6282011270523071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-estimation","display_name":"Motion estimation","score":0.6281141042709351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.562168538570404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.4712781310081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.4629330039024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-efficiency","display_name":"Algorithmic efficiency","score":0.4622509181499481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.45669135451316833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43384796380996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quarter-pixel-motion","display_name":"Quarter-pixel motion","score":0.4186716079711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4023173749446869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.3985843062400818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2826337516307831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8812393546104431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151416825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934791","display_name":"Quadtree","level":2,"score":0.7010051608085632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779020251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3555171","display_name":"Motion vector","level":3,"score":0.6337049007415771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190750250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13533439","display_name":"Coding tree unit","level":3,"score":0.6282011270523071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10161872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557891","display_name":"Motion estimation","level":2,"score":0.6281141042709351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.562168538570404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.4712781310081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4629330039024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116709606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1296251","display_name":"Algorithmic efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4622509181499481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.45669135451316833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43384796380996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174493125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073461","display_name":"Quarter-pixel motion","level":3,"score":0.4186716079711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4023173749446869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.3985843062400818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2826337516307831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2018.2867260","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2018.2867260","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G109436452","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015CB351800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3634038634","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61632001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4893364348","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"7200539/CS","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","funder_display_name":"City University of Hong Kong"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6374412863","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BX201600006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335768","funder_display_name":"National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335768","display_name":"National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335790","display_name":"Shenzhen Peacock Plan","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W178701193","https://openalex.org/W1529769862","https://openalex.org/W1590150733","https://openalex.org/W1964949579","https://openalex.org/W1967018512","https://openalex.org/W1979746481","https://openalex.org/W1982825626","https://openalex.org/W1984222112","https://openalex.org/W1994685695","https://openalex.org/W1995869308","https://openalex.org/W2000462731","https://openalex.org/W2009248111","https://openalex.org/W2037763347","https://openalex.org/W2043292349","https://openalex.org/W2046742427","https://openalex.org/W2057403270","https://openalex.org/W2082392931","https://openalex.org/W2092544701","https://openalex.org/W2099124466","https://openalex.org/W2139116220","https://openalex.org/W2145251738","https://openalex.org/W2146395539","https://openalex.org/W2150089956","https://openalex.org/W2165113388","https://openalex.org/W2187709586","https://openalex.org/W2265530537","https://openalex.org/W2275814214","https://openalex.org/W2278232653","https://openalex.org/W2289067493","https://openalex.org/W2293682293","https://openalex.org/W2342508511","https://openalex.org/W2428965074","https://openalex.org/W2511386806","https://openalex.org/W2541792765","https://openalex.org/W2546648313","https://openalex.org/W2567008607","https://openalex.org/W2617877996","https://openalex.org/W2763187854","https://openalex.org/W2794393786","https://openalex.org/W2979673094","https://openalex.org/W3124288268","https://openalex.org/W6607201821","https://openalex.org/W6641734378","https://openalex.org/W6680810742","https://openalex.org/W6682255253","https://openalex.org/W6693427169","https://openalex.org/W6717810278","https://openalex.org/W6728935512","https://openalex.org/W6745361782"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987778158","https://openalex.org/W2109074487","https://openalex.org/W2020544184","https://openalex.org/W2140821221","https://openalex.org/W1963864458","https://openalex.org/W4230504469","https://openalex.org/W1557942024","https://openalex.org/W2758567178","https://openalex.org/W2022009329","https://openalex.org/W2914318767"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Motion":[0],"estimation":[1],"(ME)":[2],"plays":[3],"a":[4,20,51,78,87,105,135,160,171,182],"crucial":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,77,86,101,159,193],"removing":[8],"the":[9,17,30,37,43,67,75,83,102,116,125,128,132,151,186,194,202,208,219,229,237,252,265],"temporal":[10],"redundancy":[11],"for":[12,58,211],"video":[13,61],"compression.":[14],"However,":[15],"during":[16],"encoding":[18,209,225],"process":[19,85],"substantial":[21],"computational":[22],"burden":[23],"is":[24,112,139,241],"imposed":[25],"by":[26,81],"ME":[27,56,84,212,230,255,268],"due":[28,123],"to":[29,114,124,142,174,233,259,264],"exhaustive":[31],"evaluations":[32],"of":[33,42,47,71,119,127,153],"possible":[34],"candidates":[35],"within":[36],"searching":[38,195],"window.":[39],"In":[40,64,131,165],"view":[41],"increasing":[44],"computing":[45],"capacity":[46],"GPU,":[48],"we":[49,73,169],"propose":[50,170],"GPU-based":[52,254],"low":[53],"delay":[54],"parallel":[55],"scheme":[57,111,204,221],"high":[59],"efficiency":[60],"coding":[62,69,88],"(HEVC).":[63],"particular,":[65],"considering":[66],"quadtree":[68],"structure":[70],"HEVC,":[72],"achieve":[74,223,257],"parallelization":[76],"hierarchical":[79],"way":[80],"optimizing":[82],"tree":[89],"unit":[90,93],"(CTU),":[91],"prediction":[92,122],"(PU),":[94],"and":[95,162,177,236],"motion":[96,107],"vector":[97,108],"(MV)":[98],"layers.":[99],"Specifically,":[100],"CTU":[103],"layer,":[104,134,168],"novel":[106,136],"predictor":[109],"determination":[110],"proposed":[113,203,220,253],"alleviate":[115],"side":[117],"effects":[118],"inaccurate":[120],"MV":[121,167,176],"removal":[126],"CTU-level":[129],"dependency.":[130],"PU":[133,155],"indexing":[137],"table":[138],"particularly":[140],"designed":[141],"realize":[143],"an":[144,166,199],"efficient":[145,163],"cost":[146,152,180],"derivation":[147],"strategy.":[148],"As":[149],"such,":[150],"each":[154],"can":[156,189,205,222,256],"be":[157,190],"computed":[158],"convenient":[161],"manner.":[164],"compact":[172],"descriptor":[173],"represent":[175],"its":[178],"corresponding":[179],"as":[181],"whole,":[183],"such":[184,198],"that":[185,218,251],"redundant":[187],"branches":[188],"further":[191,247],"avoided":[192],"process.":[196],"With":[197],"optimization":[200],"strategy,":[201],"completely":[206],"save":[207],"time":[210,226],"on":[213,244,269],"CPU.":[214,270],"Experimental":[215],"results":[216,249],"demonstrate":[217],"41%":[224],"savings":[227],"with":[228],"acceleration":[231,262],"up":[232,258],"12.7":[234],"times,":[235],"incurred":[238],"BD-BR":[239],"loss":[240],"only":[242],"0.52%":[243],"average.":[245],"Moreover,":[246],"experimental":[248],"show":[250],"200":[260],"times":[261],"compared":[263],"full":[266],"search":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
