{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2888731576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2018.2865834","title":"Connecting Subspace Learning and Extreme Learning Machine in Speech Emotion Recognition","display_name":"Connecting Subspace Learning and Extreme Learning Machine in Speech Emotion Recognition","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2888731576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2018.2865834","mag":"2888731576"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2018.2865834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2018.2865834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3496080","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049684805","display_name":"Xinzhou Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4017-5919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinzhou Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4017-5919","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100759486","display_name":"Jun Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3196-8690"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["audEERING GmbH, Gilching, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3196-8690","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"audEERING GmbH, Gilching, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034958832","display_name":"Eduardo Coutinho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5234-1497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Coutinho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Music, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Music, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100707380","display_name":"Chen Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2492-0640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101872701","display_name":"Li Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7145-4718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043060302","display_name":"Bj\u00f6rn W. Schuller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6478-8699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179225836","display_name":"University of Augsburg","ror":"https://ror.org/03p14d497","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179225836"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bjorn W. Schuller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179225836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6035,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94336812,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"795","last_page":"808"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.9729999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8048222661018372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-learning-machine","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","score":0.7920795679092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6753275394439697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernelization","display_name":"Kernelization","score":0.6630331873893738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.659895658493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6050196290016174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.5649017095565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5045408010482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.4431951344013214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.19765260815620422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.10776165127754211}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8048222661018372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780150128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21948731","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","level":3,"score":0.7920795679092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6753275394439697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207225210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759539","display_name":"Kernelization","level":3,"score":0.6630331873893738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.659895658493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6050196290016174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.5649017095565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5045408010482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.4431951344013214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.19765260815620422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.10776165127754211}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2018.2865834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2018.2865834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uni-augsburg.opus-bayern.de:43859","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/43859/43859.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400930","display_name":"OPUS (Augsburg University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119916105","host_organization_name":"Augsburg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119916105"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3496080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3496080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3496080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3496080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3009734271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 61231002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4367210187","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 11701290","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8138293492","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 61673108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970576574","https://openalex.org/W1976090878","https://openalex.org/W1984472287","https://openalex.org/W1987390907","https://openalex.org/W1992159177","https://openalex.org/W2006652788","https://openalex.org/W2010835048","https://openalex.org/W2017060484","https://openalex.org/W2018549299","https://openalex.org/W2026131661","https://openalex.org/W2031878488","https://openalex.org/W2042184006","https://openalex.org/W2061987257","https://openalex.org/W2066986622","https://openalex.org/W2075080348","https://openalex.org/W2082927806","https://openalex.org/W2087618018","https://openalex.org/W2090777335","https://openalex.org/W2093359310","https://openalex.org/W2097732741","https://openalex.org/W2106253207","https://openalex.org/W2107654046","https://openalex.org/W2109064712","https://openalex.org/W2111072639","https://openalex.org/W2112865076","https://openalex.org/W2121971770","https://openalex.org/W2122825543","https://openalex.org/W2135046866","https://openalex.org/W2141695047","https://openalex.org/W2144005487","https://openalex.org/W2154872931","https://openalex.org/W2156142937","https://openalex.org/W2156718197","https://openalex.org/W2157595416","https://openalex.org/W2158061940","https://openalex.org/W2161372178","https://openalex.org/W2163406054","https://openalex.org/W2163939328","https://openalex.org/W2164071167","https://openalex.org/W2168045655","https://openalex.org/W2170858770","https://openalex.org/W2171022634","https://openalex.org/W2218066794","https://openalex.org/W2286850569","https://openalex.org/W2295001676","https://openalex.org/W2329093554","https://openalex.org/W2398881374","https://openalex.org/W2401072000","https://openalex.org/W2404205548","https://openalex.org/W2546795678","https://openalex.org/W2606705624","https://openalex.org/W2995034616","https://openalex.org/W3005272312","https://openalex.org/W3148981562","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6654789613","https://openalex.org/W6681409903","https://openalex.org/W6682644385","https://openalex.org/W6682755970","https://openalex.org/W6684134493","https://openalex.org/W6685181070","https://openalex.org/W6685372642","https://openalex.org/W6696316652","https://openalex.org/W6697498398","https://openalex.org/W6712262306","https://openalex.org/W6712762347"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3020640542","https://openalex.org/W2292973071","https://openalex.org/W2476602023","https://openalex.org/W2381408042","https://openalex.org/W4245720151","https://openalex.org/W1606657688","https://openalex.org/W4301454895","https://openalex.org/W4318567365","https://openalex.org/W2909144890","https://openalex.org/W2994280181"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Speech":[0],"emotion":[1],"recognition":[2],"(SER)":[3],"is":[4,67],"a":[5,103,151],"powerful":[6],"tool":[7],"for":[8,98],"endowing":[9],"computers":[10],"with":[11],"the":[12,18,30,61,83,128,139,142,156,166,175],"capacity":[13],"to":[14,42,65,88,106,153,193,200,216],"process":[15],"information":[16,79],"about":[17],"affective":[19],"states":[20],"of":[21,32,138,158],"users":[22],"in":[23,50],"human-machine":[24],"interactions.":[25],"Recent":[26],"research":[27],"has":[28],"shown":[29],"effectiveness":[31],"graph":[33,123,143],"embedding-based":[34],"subspace":[35,59,110],"learning":[36,39,74,96,111,114],"and":[37,101,112,125,178,196],"extreme":[38,73,95,113],"machine":[40],"applied":[41],"SER,":[43],"but":[44],"there":[45],"are":[46,171],"still":[47],"various":[48,132],"drawbacks":[49],"these":[51,90],"two":[52],"techniques":[53,214],"that":[54,211],"limit":[55],"their":[56,198],"application.":[57],"Regarding":[58],"learning,":[60],"change":[62],"from":[63],"linearity":[64],"nonlinearity":[66],"usually":[68],"achieved":[69,172],"through":[70,160],"kernelization,":[71],"whereas":[72],"machines":[75,97],"only":[76],"take":[77],"label":[78],"into":[80],"consideration":[81],"at":[82,165],"output":[84],"layer.":[85],"In":[86],"order":[87],"overcome":[89],"drawbacks,":[91],"this":[92,182],"paper":[93],"leverages":[94],"dimensionality":[99,188],"reduction":[100,189],"proposes":[102],"novel":[104,187],"framework":[105,118],"combine":[107],"spectral":[108],"regression-based":[109],"machines.":[115],"The":[116],"proposed":[117,213],"contains":[119],"three":[120],"stages-data":[121],"mapping,":[122],"decomposition,":[124],"regression.":[126],"At":[127,141],"data":[129,159,179],"mapping":[130,133],"stage,":[131,145,168],"strategies":[134],"provide":[135,150],"different":[136],"views":[137],"samples.":[140],"decomposition":[144],"specifically":[146],"designed":[147],"embedding":[148],"graphs":[149],"possibility":[152],"better":[154],"represent":[155],"structure":[157],"generating":[161],"virtual":[162,176],"coordinates.":[163],"Finally,":[164],"regression":[167],"dimension-reduced":[169],"mappings":[170],"by":[173],"connecting":[174],"coordinates":[177],"mapping.":[180],"Using":[181],"framework,":[183],"we":[184],"propose":[185],"several":[186,207],"algorithms,":[190],"apply":[191],"them":[192],"SER":[194],"tasks,":[195],"compare":[197],"performance":[199],"relevant":[201],"state-of-the-art":[202],"methods.":[203],"Our":[204],"results":[205],"on":[206],"paralinguistic":[208],"corpora":[209],"show":[210],"our":[212],"lead":[215],"significant":[217],"improvements.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}