{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1563286089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2015.2437711","title":"Efficient QR Code Beautification With High Quality Visual Content","display_name":"Efficient QR Code Beautification With High Quality Visual Content","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1563286089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2015.2437711","mag":"1563286089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2015.2437711","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2015.2437711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068878744","display_name":"Shih-Syun Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-5819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Syun Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029298215","display_name":"Min\u2010Chun Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1917-2155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min-Chun Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064531659","display_name":"Chien-Han Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chien-Han Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050657606","display_name":"Tong\u2010Yee Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6699-2944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong-Yee Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.9654,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":101,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99043184,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"9","first_page":"1515","last_page":"1524"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13270","display_name":"QR Code Applications and Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13270","display_name":"QR Code Applications and Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7825222611427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.6047636866569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5145460963249207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-generation","display_name":"Code generation","score":0.44629958271980286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.41663509607315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33437734842300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1884573996067047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.16701847314834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.14776185154914856}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7825222611427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.6047636866569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5145460963249207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.44629958271980286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.41663509607315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33437734842300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1884573996067047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.16701847314834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.14776185154914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2015.2437711","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2015.2437711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G111640967","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST-103-2221-E-006-157-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1585124595","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST-104-2221-E-006-044-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7374269422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST-103-2221-E-006-106-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557478268","https://openalex.org/W1970489192","https://openalex.org/W1996282992","https://openalex.org/W2015941392","https://openalex.org/W2041513751","https://openalex.org/W2050843820","https://openalex.org/W2071759205","https://openalex.org/W2097458137","https://openalex.org/W2116467329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161474341","https://openalex.org/W4302615923","https://openalex.org/W3203142394","https://openalex.org/W2351061015","https://openalex.org/W4220731478","https://openalex.org/W1968289971","https://openalex.org/W4300588357","https://openalex.org/W2048831961","https://openalex.org/W1606349578","https://openalex.org/W4399567378"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quick":[0],"response":[1],"(QR)":[2],"code":[3,22,29,38,71,77,104,126,139,194],"is":[4,147,163,199],"generally":[5],"used":[6],"for":[7],"embedding":[8],"messages":[9],"such":[10],"that":[11,86,183],"people":[12],"can":[13],"conveniently":[14],"use":[15],"mobile":[16],"devices":[17],"to":[18,42,67,93,112,123,165],"capture":[19],"the":[20,32,34,47,69,88,98,102,133,152,157,167,173,176,184,189,192,196],"QR":[21,28,37,49,70,76,103,125,138,177,193],"and":[23,46,75,195],"acquire":[24],"information":[25],"through":[26],"a":[27,120,136,160],"reader.":[30],"In":[31,60,115,132,156],"past,":[33],"design":[35],"of":[36,101,175,191],"generators":[39],"only":[40],"aimed":[41],"achieve":[43],"high":[44,128],"decodability":[45,142,174],"produced":[48],"codes":[50],"usually":[51],"look":[52],"like":[53],"random":[54],"black-and-white":[55],"patterns":[56],"without":[57],"visual":[58,89,99,130,145,168],"semantics.":[59],"recent":[61],"years,":[62],"researchers":[63],"have":[64],"been":[65,80],"tried":[66],"endow":[68],"with":[72,127,140],"aesthetic":[73],"elements":[74],"beautification":[78],"has":[79],"formulated":[81],"as":[82],"an":[83],"optimization":[84],"problem":[85],"minimizes":[87],"perception":[90],"distortion":[91],"subject":[92],"acceptable":[94],"decoding":[95],"rate.":[96],"However,":[97],"quality":[100,129,146,169],"generated":[105],"by":[106],"existing":[107],"methods":[108],"still":[109],"leaves":[110],"much":[111],"be":[113],"desired.":[114],"this":[116],"work,":[117],"we":[118],"propose":[119],"two-stage":[121],"approach":[122],"generate":[124],"content.":[131],"first":[134,148],"stage,":[135,159],"baseline":[137],"reliable":[141],"but":[143],"poor":[144],"synthesized":[149],"based":[150],"on":[151],"Gauss-Jordan":[153],"elimination":[154],"procedure.":[155],"second":[158],"rendering":[161],"mechanism":[162],"designed":[164],"improve":[166],"while":[170],"avoiding":[171],"affecting":[172],"code.":[178],"The":[179],"experimental":[180],"results":[181],"show":[182],"proposed":[185],"method":[186],"substantially":[187],"enhances":[188],"appearance":[190],"processing":[197],"complexity":[198],"near":[200],"real-time.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-12T08:23:45.883708","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
