{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2027576103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2014.2380914","title":"Tennis Ball Tracking Using a Two-Layered Data Association Approach","display_name":"Tennis Ball Tracking Using a Two-Layered Data Association Approach","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2027576103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2014.2380914","mag":"2027576103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2014.2380914","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2014.2380914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068611007","display_name":"Xiangzeng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3123-6561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangzeng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","School of computer science, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of computer science, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100668966","display_name":"Lei Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8234-0823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","School of computer science, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of computer science, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073785112","display_name":"Qiang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5455-9454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom","School of Computing Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101798651","display_name":"Stephen Cox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4443-1000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen J. Cox","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom","School of Computing Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028235866","display_name":"Yanning Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2977-8057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanning Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","School of computer science, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of computer science, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9388,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94065292,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"145","last_page":"156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7311901450157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ball","display_name":"Ball (mathematics)","score":0.7213229537010193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6437519192695618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-association","display_name":"Data association","score":0.5689350962638855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tennis-ball","display_name":"Tennis ball","score":0.5484236478805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5449151396751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5227732062339783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.479040265083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-equipment","display_name":"sports equipment","score":0.165230393409729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15619397163391113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7311901450157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122041747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838611","display_name":"Ball (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7213229537010193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6437519192695618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983325608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084606","display_name":"Data association","level":3,"score":0.5689350962638855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992174615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246514","display_name":"Tennis ball","level":3,"score":0.5484236478805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5449151396751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5227732062339783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.479040265083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780101202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q768186","display_name":"sports equipment","level":2,"score":0.165230393409729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15619397163391113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2014.2380914","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2014.2380914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:51400","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/51400/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3237031162","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61301194","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3263437505","display_name":"\u8fd0\u7528\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u4e8e\u533a\u57df\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u68c0\u7d22\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61363046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3407220961","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61175018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3589198503","display_name":"Adaptive cognition for automated sports video annotation (ACASVA)","funder_award_id":"EP/F069626/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4308522077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20126102120055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336024","funder_display_name":"Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5833795707","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/F069626/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6509888992","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u76ee\u6807\u6210\u50cf\u53ca\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61231016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8033323713","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"131059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326297","funder_display_name":"Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326297","display_name":"Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336024","display_name":"Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177037875","https://openalex.org/W1871300070","https://openalex.org/W1938443793","https://openalex.org/W1966136723","https://openalex.org/W1995903777","https://openalex.org/W2014898029","https://openalex.org/W2016135469","https://openalex.org/W2066802645","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2095193483","https://openalex.org/W2096140268","https://openalex.org/W2107401725","https://openalex.org/W2111644456","https://openalex.org/W2114609928","https://openalex.org/W2115734113","https://openalex.org/W2123807687","https://openalex.org/W2124541566","https://openalex.org/W2127021804","https://openalex.org/W2127923214","https://openalex.org/W2128407348","https://openalex.org/W2129078811","https://openalex.org/W2132103241","https://openalex.org/W2151966771","https://openalex.org/W2156764201","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2171243491","https://openalex.org/W2571050459","https://openalex.org/W3187867541","https://openalex.org/W4239749705","https://openalex.org/W6639055607","https://openalex.org/W6676780830"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2500432627","https://openalex.org/W2337502480","https://openalex.org/W2302011901","https://openalex.org/W2085868700","https://openalex.org/W2973156926","https://openalex.org/W2383982173","https://openalex.org/W2317418221","https://openalex.org/W584172674","https://openalex.org/W1988727730","https://openalex.org/W2375317300"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ball":[0],"tracking":[1,64],"is":[2,98,124],"a":[3,10,20,76,93,107,120,128,135],"key":[4],"technology":[5],"in":[6,69],"processing":[7],"and":[8,37,52,59,153,157],"analyzing":[9],"ball":[11,44,63,87,122],"game.":[12],"Because":[13],"of":[14,17,23,42,50,85,109,140],"the":[15,31,39,43,83,90,117,150,154,158],"complexity":[16],"visual":[18],"scenes,":[19],"large":[21],"number":[22],"objects":[24],"are":[25],"often":[26],"selected":[27],"as":[28],"candidates":[29],"for":[30],"ball,":[32],"leading":[33],"to":[34,81,105,134],"incorrect":[35],"identification,":[36],"conversely,":[38],"true":[40],"position":[41],"may":[45],"sometimes":[46],"be":[47,57],"missed":[48],"because":[49],"occlusion":[51],"blur,":[53],"which":[54],"can":[55],"both":[56],"frequent":[58],"severe.":[60],"Several":[61],"tennis":[62,86,147],"algorithms":[65],"have":[66],"been":[67],"reported":[68],"literature.":[70],"In":[71],"this":[72],"paper,":[73],"we":[74],"propose":[75],"two-layered":[77],"data":[78],"association":[79],"method":[80,97,133],"improve":[82],"robustness":[84],"tracking.":[88],"At":[89,116],"local":[91],"layer,":[92,119],"shift":[94,102],"token":[95],"transfer":[96],"proposed,":[99],"based":[100,131],"on":[101,146],"window":[103],"processing,":[104],"generate":[106],"set":[108],"short":[110],"trajectories":[111],"or":[112],"\u201c":[113],"trajectorylets":[114],".\u201d":[115],"global":[118],"unique":[121],"trajectory":[123],"obtained":[125,160],"by":[126],"applying":[127],"dynamic":[129],"programming":[130],"splice":[132],"directed":[136],"acyclic":[137],"graph":[138],"consisting":[139],"trajectorylets.":[141],"We":[142],"evaluated":[143],"our":[144,163],"approach":[145,164],"matches":[148],"from":[149],"Australian":[151],"Open":[152],"U.S.":[155],"Open,":[156],"results":[159],"show":[161],"that":[162],"outperforms":[165],"current":[166],"state-of-the-art":[167],"approach.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}