{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2038359734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2014.2353772","title":"Recursive On-Line &lt;formula formulatype=\"inline\"&gt; &lt;tex Notation=\"TeX\"&gt;${(2{\\rm D})}^2{\\rm PCA}$&lt;/tex&gt;&lt;/formula&gt; and Its Application to Long-Term Background Subtraction","display_name":"Recursive On-Line &lt;formula formulatype=\"inline\"&gt; &lt;tex Notation=\"TeX\"&gt;${(2{\\rm D})}^2{\\rm PCA}$&lt;/tex&gt;&lt;/formula&gt; and Its Application to Long-Term Background Subtraction","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2038359734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2014.2353772","mag":"2038359734"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2014.2353772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2014.2353772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011633284","display_name":"Ja-Won Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4073-0484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ja-Won Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea","[Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced, Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced, Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043762193","display_name":"Seong Dae Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8077-2403"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seong Dae Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea","[Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced, Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced, Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011633284"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1948,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90235236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"8","first_page":"2333","last_page":"2344"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-subtraction","display_name":"Background subtraction","score":0.9086035490036011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7075315713882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6653355956077576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6071209907531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.5721278190612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.5305880308151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.5295681953430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreground-detection","display_name":"Foreground detection","score":0.5126432776451111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.48835989832878113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4189409017562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3244818150997162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18881791830062866}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32653426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Background subtraction","level":3,"score":0.9086035490036011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7075315713882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6653355956077576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6071209907531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5721278190612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.5305880308151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.5295681953430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779769447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Foreground detection","level":4,"score":0.5126432776451111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.48835989832878113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4189409017562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3244818150997162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18881791830062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2014.2353772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2014.2353772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W106426340","https://openalex.org/W1499877760","https://openalex.org/W1541521713","https://openalex.org/W1978276805","https://openalex.org/W2006410278","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2050834445","https://openalex.org/W2052524720","https://openalex.org/W2060628274","https://openalex.org/W2073598328","https://openalex.org/W2095581126","https://openalex.org/W2096309046","https://openalex.org/W2102544846","https://openalex.org/W2102625004","https://openalex.org/W2104733578","https://openalex.org/W2115415549","https://openalex.org/W2118143383","https://openalex.org/W2131628350","https://openalex.org/W2143619117","https://openalex.org/W2145962650","https://openalex.org/W2150489380","https://openalex.org/W2153330371","https://openalex.org/W2154836672","https://openalex.org/W2158604775","https://openalex.org/W2160522378","https://openalex.org/W2166978545","https://openalex.org/W2168813398","https://openalex.org/W2296616510","https://openalex.org/W2538773003","https://openalex.org/W3145074154","https://openalex.org/W4248936881","https://openalex.org/W6604309005","https://openalex.org/W6675965542","https://openalex.org/W6683053342","https://openalex.org/W6697563226","https://openalex.org/W6728784960"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145985110","https://openalex.org/W2740820121","https://openalex.org/W2141888456","https://openalex.org/W2887824662","https://openalex.org/W2554449009","https://openalex.org/W40964945","https://openalex.org/W1643724255","https://openalex.org/W2034462085","https://openalex.org/W2337415362","https://openalex.org/W3096301266"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,159],"this":[1,110,137],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,162],"propose":[4],"a":[5,18,83,89,98,113,120,128,143],"novel":[6,99],"background":[7,34,84,133,141,167],"subtraction":[8,168],"method":[9,169],"which":[10,63],"enables":[11],"reliable":[12],"detection":[13,154],"of":[14,33,45,50,54,142,155],"foreground":[15,131,156],"objects":[16,157],"in":[17,30,57,62,79,88,109,119,127],"long":[19,59],"surveillance":[20,60,144],"video":[21,145],"stream.":[22],"Recently,":[23],"although":[24],"much":[25],"progress":[26],"has":[27],"been":[28],"made":[29],"the":[31,58,80,140,153,165,173,180],"field":[32],"subtraction,":[35],"there":[36],"are":[37,67],"still":[38],"challenging":[39,76,175],"scenarios":[40,77,176],"(e.g.,":[41],"high":[42],"frequency":[43],"motion":[44,49],"dynamic":[46],"texture,":[47],"non-stationary":[48],"camera,":[51],"abrupt":[52],"changes":[53],"illumination,":[55],"etc.)":[56],"videos":[61],"even":[64],"state-of-the-art":[65,181],"methods":[66],"often":[68],"prone":[69],"to":[70],"fail.":[71],"To":[72],"cope":[73,171],"with":[74,172],"these":[75],"effectively,":[78],"proposed":[81,166],"method,":[82],"model":[85],"is":[86,116,147],"initialized":[87],"low-dimensional":[90],"subspace":[91],"and":[92],"then":[93],"updated":[94,118],"periodically":[95],"based":[96],"on":[97,136],"recursive":[100],"on-line":[101,138],"(2D)":[102],"<sup":[103],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[104],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[105],"PCA":[106],"algorithm":[107],"developed":[108],"paper.":[111],"Moreover,":[112],"threshold":[114],"map":[115],"also":[117],"scene-adaptive":[121],"manner":[122],"for":[123],"labeling":[124],"each":[125],"pixel":[126],"scene":[129],"either":[130],"or":[132],"independently.":[134],"Based":[135],"framework,":[139],"stream":[146],"reconstructed":[148],"over":[149],"time,":[150],"thereby":[151],"facilitating":[152],"reliably.":[158],"extensive":[160],"experiments,":[161],"demonstrate":[163],"that":[164],"can":[170],"aforementioned":[174],"more":[177],"favorably":[178],"than":[179],"methods.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
