{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2037012979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2013.2283453","title":"Generalized Equalization Model for Image Enhancement","display_name":"Generalized Equalization Model for Image Enhancement","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2037012979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2013.2283453","mag":"2037012979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2013.2283453","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2013.2283453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035141289","display_name":"Hongteng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4192-5360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongteng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Image Communication and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Inst. of Image Commun. & Inf. Process., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Image Communication and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Image Commun. & Inf. Process., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064168853","display_name":"Guangtao Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8165-9322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangtao Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Image Communication and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Inst. of Image Commun. & Inf. Process., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Image Communication and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Image Commun. & Inf. Process., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101467563","display_name":"Xiaolin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7230-9168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada","[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON, Canada]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON, Canada]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019708391","display_name":"Xiaokang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4029-3322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaokang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Image Communication and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Inst. of Image Commun. & Inf. Process., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Image Communication and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Image Commun. & Inf. Process., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035141289"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8102,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":136,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94271265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"68","last_page":"82"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-equalization","display_name":"Histogram equalization","score":0.7375650405883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7191562056541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.593154788017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-histogram-equalization","display_name":"Adaptive histogram equalization","score":0.5502016544342041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.5329013466835022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.5164211392402649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.48732098937034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.48703986406326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equalization","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","score":0.4758857488632202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4640430808067322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44931501150131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-enhancement","display_name":"Image enhancement","score":0.43931978940963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.36171919107437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3380987048149109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23187708854675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.09924891591072083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.088767409324646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136943445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970240","display_name":"Histogram equalization","level":4,"score":0.7375650405883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7191562056541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.593154788017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30387639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680744","display_name":"Adaptive histogram equalization","level":5,"score":0.5502016544342041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.5329013466835022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.5164211392402649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48732098937034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.48703986406326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75755367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104531076","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","level":3,"score":0.4758857488632202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4640430808067322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44931501150131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017601658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545981","display_name":"Image enhancement","level":3,"score":0.43931978940963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.36171919107437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3380987048149109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23187708854675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.09924891591072083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.088767409324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2013.2283453","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2013.2283453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1530411632","https://openalex.org/W1534426948","https://openalex.org/W1966855663","https://openalex.org/W1968362479","https://openalex.org/W1968571232","https://openalex.org/W1986086122","https://openalex.org/W1990592195","https://openalex.org/W1998419211","https://openalex.org/W2012554041","https://openalex.org/W2028990532","https://openalex.org/W2052090926","https://openalex.org/W2055535946","https://openalex.org/W2081418206","https://openalex.org/W2098429013","https://openalex.org/W2098474470","https://openalex.org/W2099244020","https://openalex.org/W2104845941","https://openalex.org/W2107815783","https://openalex.org/W2108303106","https://openalex.org/W2114867966","https://openalex.org/W2127757833","https://openalex.org/W2128926607","https://openalex.org/W2133251749","https://openalex.org/W2134141806","https://openalex.org/W2139616920","https://openalex.org/W2139698815","https://openalex.org/W2141704978","https://openalex.org/W2141957843","https://openalex.org/W2143365048","https://openalex.org/W2145744030","https://openalex.org/W2146870294","https://openalex.org/W2156053375","https://openalex.org/W2160956336","https://openalex.org/W2164847484","https://openalex.org/W2170288257","https://openalex.org/W2170410665","https://openalex.org/W2170563037","https://openalex.org/W2171773573","https://openalex.org/W2397711071","https://openalex.org/W2536722097","https://openalex.org/W2999388423","https://openalex.org/W3138446083","https://openalex.org/W4231627457","https://openalex.org/W4252054347","https://openalex.org/W6631991694","https://openalex.org/W6647720530","https://openalex.org/W6674962759","https://openalex.org/W6678827375","https://openalex.org/W6681477124","https://openalex.org/W6681613697","https://openalex.org/W6685119988","https://openalex.org/W6711909402"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057981026","https://openalex.org/W2256021896","https://openalex.org/W2122866860","https://openalex.org/W2165297163","https://openalex.org/W2162802768","https://openalex.org/W2398368608","https://openalex.org/W1583737874","https://openalex.org/W2134986978","https://openalex.org/W2024449420","https://openalex.org/W3084145657"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,26],"propose":[4],"a":[5,29,40],"generalized":[6,30],"equalization":[7,31],"model":[8,32,62,81],"for":[9,83],"image":[10,20,47,53,95,133],"enhancement.":[11],"Based":[12],"on":[13,16],"our":[14],"analysis":[15],"the":[17,60,80,101,127,143],"relationships":[18],"between":[19,112],"histogram":[21,73],"and":[22,36,78,106,115,119,137],"contrast":[23,34,76,104,113],"enhancement/white":[24],"balancing,":[25],"first":[27],"establish":[28],"integrating":[33],"enhancement":[35,54,85,96,105,114],"white":[37,107,135],"balancing":[38,108,136],"into":[39],"unified":[41],"framework":[42],"of":[43,46,66,72,126,132,142],"convex":[44],"programming":[45],"histogram.":[48],"We":[49,90],"show":[50,123],"that":[51,98],"many":[52],"tasks":[55],"can":[56,87],"be":[57,88],"accomplished":[58],"by":[59],"proposed":[61,128,144],"using":[63],"different":[64,84],"configurations":[65],"parameters.":[67],"With":[68],"two":[69],"defining":[70],"properties":[71],"transform,":[74],"namely":[75],"gain":[77],"nonlinearity,":[79],"parameters":[82],"applications":[86,131],"optimized.":[89],"then":[91],"derive":[92],"an":[93],"optimal":[94],"algorithm":[97,129],"theoretically":[99],"achieves":[100],"best":[102],"joint":[103],"result":[109],"with":[110],"trading-off":[111],"tonal":[116],"distortion.":[117],"Subjective":[118],"objective":[120],"experimental":[121],"results":[122],"favorable":[124],"performances":[125],"in":[130],"enhancement,":[134],"tone":[138],"correction.":[139],"Computational":[140],"complexity":[141],"method":[145],"is":[146],"also":[147],"analyzed.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
