{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2057403270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2012.2231060","title":"An Effective CU Size Decision Method for HEVC Encoders","display_name":"An Effective CU Size Decision Method for HEVC Encoders","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2057403270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2012.2231060","mag":"2057403270"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2012.2231060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2012.2231060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048268082","display_name":"Liquan Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2148-6279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liquan Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","Key Lab. of Adv. Display & Syst. Applic., Shanghai Univ., Shanghai, , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab. of Adv. Display & Syst. Applic., Shanghai Univ., Shanghai, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100382312","display_name":"Zhi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8428-1131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","Key Lab. of Adv. Display & Syst. Applic., Shanghai Univ., Shanghai, , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab. of Adv. Display & Syst. Applic., Shanghai Univ., Shanghai, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071724015","display_name":"Xinpeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5867-1315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinpeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","school of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"school of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101665186","display_name":"Wenqiang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5820-3618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqiang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","Key Lab. of Adv. Display & Syst. Applic., Shanghai Univ., Shanghai, , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab. of Adv. Display & Syst. Applic., Shanghai Univ., Shanghai, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100751311","display_name":"Zhaoyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2346-6228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","Key Lab. of Adv. Display & Syst. Applic., Shanghai Univ., Shanghai, , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab. of Adv. Display & Syst. Applic., Shanghai Univ., Shanghai, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":30.9474,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":383,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99832247,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"465","last_page":"470"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.8001304268836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7083703875541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.6626235842704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lagrange-multiplier","display_name":"Lagrange multiplier","score":0.6589236855506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.6253451704978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.592019259929657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-estimation","display_name":"Motion estimation","score":0.5115900635719299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadtree","display_name":"Quadtree","score":0.508335292339325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-efficiency","display_name":"Algorithmic efficiency","score":0.4758831262588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-distortion","display_name":"Rate distortion","score":0.4152297377586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.23867061734199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21886301040649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12503856420516968}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.8001304268836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7083703875541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.6626235842704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73684929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598870","display_name":"Lagrange multiplier","level":2,"score":0.6589236855506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.6253451704978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.592019259929657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10161872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557891","display_name":"Motion estimation","level":2,"score":0.5115900635719299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151416825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934791","display_name":"Quadtree","level":2,"score":0.508335292339325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116709606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1296251","display_name":"Algorithmic efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4758831262588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982755384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843483","display_name":"Rate distortion","level":3,"score":0.4152297377586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.23867061734199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21886301040649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12503856420516968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2012.2231060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2012.2231060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977921104","https://openalex.org/W2026587561","https://openalex.org/W2091095932","https://openalex.org/W2101620528","https://openalex.org/W2101700394","https://openalex.org/W2110905672","https://openalex.org/W2115823575","https://openalex.org/W2121840029","https://openalex.org/W2141252613","https://openalex.org/W2154879246","https://openalex.org/W2158017793","https://openalex.org/W2163461375","https://openalex.org/W2167267119","https://openalex.org/W2171065153","https://openalex.org/W2276329208","https://openalex.org/W6673464759","https://openalex.org/W6677431978","https://openalex.org/W7017628706"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987778158","https://openalex.org/W2050736133","https://openalex.org/W2007208528","https://openalex.org/W2949495497","https://openalex.org/W2949618166","https://openalex.org/W2943639202","https://openalex.org/W4247473796","https://openalex.org/W2095679248","https://openalex.org/W2401004729","https://openalex.org/W1997033546"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"emerging":[1],"high":[2,95],"efficiency":[3,90],"video":[4],"coding":[5,11,89],"standard":[6],"(HEVC)":[7],"adopts":[8],"the":[9,29,64,73,76,87,112,134,139,152,159,190,201,206],"quadtree-structured":[10],"unit":[12],"(CU).":[13],"Each":[14],"CU":[15,105,130,184],"allows":[16],"recursive":[17],"splitting":[18],"into":[19],"four":[20],"equal":[21],"sub-CUs.":[22],"At":[23],"each":[24],"depth":[25,66,114,131,136,141,147],"level":[26,115,137],"(CU":[27],"size),":[28],"test":[30],"model":[31],"of":[32],"HEVC":[33,208],"(HM)":[34],"performs":[35],"motion":[36,169],"estimation":[37],"(ME)":[38],"with":[39,75],"different":[40],"sizes":[41],"including":[42],"2N":[43,46,51],"\u00d7":[44,47,50,54],"2N,":[45],"N,":[48],"N":[49,53],"and":[52,68,138,143,155,175],"N.":[55],"ME":[56,181],"process":[57],"in":[58,151],"HM":[59],"is":[60,116,120],"performed":[61],"using":[62,82],"all":[63,125],"possible":[65],"levels":[67,148],"prediction":[69],"modes":[70],"to":[71,123,179],"find":[72],"one":[74],"least":[77],"rate":[78],"distortion":[79],"(RD)":[80],"cost":[81,173],"Lagrange":[83],"multiplier.":[84],"This":[85],"achieves":[86],"highest":[88],"but":[91],"requires":[92],"a":[93,103],"very":[94],"computational":[96,196],"complexity.":[97],"In":[98],"this":[99],"paper,":[100],"we":[101],"propose":[102],"fast":[104],"size":[106],"decision":[107],"algorithm":[108,161,192],"for":[109],"HM.":[110],"Since":[111],"optimal":[113],"highly":[117],"content-dependent,":[118],"it":[119],"not":[121],"efficient":[122],"use":[124],"levels.":[126],"We":[127],"can":[128,193],"determine":[129],"range":[132],"(including":[133],"minimum":[135],"maximum":[140],"level)":[142],"skip":[144,180],"some":[145],"specific":[146],"rarely":[149],"used":[150],"previous":[153],"frame":[154],"neighboring":[156],"CUs.":[157],"Besides,":[158],"proposed":[160,191],"also":[162],"introduces":[163],"early":[164],"termination":[165],"methods":[166],"based":[167],"on":[168,182],"homogeneity":[170],"checking,":[171],"RD":[172,203],"checking":[174,178],"SKIP":[176],"mode":[177],"unnecessary":[183],"sizes.":[185],"Experimental":[186],"results":[187],"demonstrate":[188],"that":[189],"significantly":[194],"reduce":[195],"complexity":[197],"while":[198],"maintaining":[199],"almost":[200],"same":[202],"performance":[204],"as":[205],"original":[207],"encoder.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":79},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}