{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116875963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2010.2052792","title":"Robust Symbolic Dual-View Facial Expression Recognition With Skin Wrinkles: Local Versus Global Approach","display_name":"Robust Symbolic Dual-View Facial Expression Recognition With Skin Wrinkles: Local Versus Global Approach","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116875963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2010.2052792","mag":"2116875963"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2010.2052792","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2010.2052792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007720733","display_name":"Yizhen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1113-7577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yizhen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA","Comput. Sci. Dept., Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comput. Sci. Dept., Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100414185","display_name":"Ying Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2813-9480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Hawthorne, NY, USA","T.J. Watson Research Center, IBM, Hawthorne, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Hawthorne, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"T.J. Watson Research Center, IBM, Hawthorne, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088958907","display_name":"Na Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-1680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Na Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Dept. of Electron Eng., East China Normal Univ., Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron Eng., East China Normal Univ., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5868,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85203252,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"536","last_page":"543"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7625401020050049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.6479207277297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6439701914787292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5989363789558411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sketch","display_name":"Sketch","score":0.5451346039772034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forehead","display_name":"Forehead","score":0.5302897095680237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5157137513160706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45825493335723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.428399920463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.08269369602203369}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7625401020050049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.6479207277297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6439701914787292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5989363789558411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534724","display_name":"Sketch","level":2,"score":0.5451346039772034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780446394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41055","display_name":"Forehead","level":2,"score":0.5302897095680237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5157137513160706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45825493335723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.428399920463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.08269369602203369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2010.2052792","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2010.2052792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485283426","https://openalex.org/W1522645259","https://openalex.org/W1561792243","https://openalex.org/W1588539311","https://openalex.org/W1851109429","https://openalex.org/W1968773332","https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W1996390730","https://openalex.org/W2017607294","https://openalex.org/W2033107014","https://openalex.org/W2033773055","https://openalex.org/W2038952578","https://openalex.org/W2040231714","https://openalex.org/W2051812123","https://openalex.org/W2067088714","https://openalex.org/W2097479998","https://openalex.org/W2098947662","https://openalex.org/W2100077522","https://openalex.org/W2106390385","https://openalex.org/W2107369107","https://openalex.org/W2107813638","https://openalex.org/W2113341759","https://openalex.org/W2116836390","https://openalex.org/W2117134055","https://openalex.org/W2119925806","https://openalex.org/W2128100799","https://openalex.org/W2128580395","https://openalex.org/W2140351517","https://openalex.org/W2145163825","https://openalex.org/W2156503193","https://openalex.org/W2159017231","https://openalex.org/W2160947254","https://openalex.org/W2170338043","https://openalex.org/W2171939880","https://openalex.org/W3172574789","https://openalex.org/W6628876229","https://openalex.org/W6674525716","https://openalex.org/W6677220294","https://openalex.org/W6677599145"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378994405","https://openalex.org/W2385974820","https://openalex.org/W2373478030","https://openalex.org/W2378679551","https://openalex.org/W3149739944","https://openalex.org/W2392363776","https://openalex.org/W2063051341","https://openalex.org/W2591066345","https://openalex.org/W1494563618","https://openalex.org/W2357022711"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Simple":[0],"cartoon":[1],"facial":[2,23,64],"expressions":[3],"can":[4,87],"be":[5,27,39],"represented":[6],"by":[7],"emoticons,":[8],"that":[9,19,80],"is,":[10],"a":[11,20],"special":[12],"sequence":[13],"of":[14,22,33,99,110,121],"symbols.":[15],"This":[16],"inspires":[17],"us":[18],"sketch":[21],"feature":[24],"contour":[25],"may":[26,67],"adequate":[28],"to":[29,38,96],"recognize":[30],"expressions.":[31],"Metrics":[32],"such":[34,50],"sketches":[35],"are":[36,61],"easier":[37],"calibrated":[40],"under":[41,118],"varying":[42],"illumination":[43],"and":[44,58,93,108,113],"head":[45],"pose.":[46],"While":[47],"skin":[48,85],"wrinkles":[49,86],"as":[51],"nasolabial":[52],"folds,":[53],"eye":[54],"pouches,":[55],"dimples,":[56],"forehead,":[57],"chin":[59],"furrows":[60],"not":[62],"salient":[63],"features,":[65],"they":[66],"convey":[68],"crucial":[69],"subtle":[70],"signals":[71],"about":[72],"an":[73],"individual's":[74],"emotion.":[75],"Our":[76],"experiments":[77],"have":[78],"shown":[79],"the":[81,97,106,119],"side-view":[82],"profile":[83],"plus":[84],"correctly":[88],"differentiate":[89],"nearly":[90],"70%":[91],"expressions,":[92],"it":[94],"contributes":[95],"increase":[98],"overall":[100],"recognition":[101],"rate.":[102],"Finally,":[103],"we":[104],"compare":[105],"accuracy":[107],"robustness":[109],"various":[111],"local":[112],"global":[114],"processing":[115],"schemes,":[116],"especially":[117],"condition":[120],"partial":[122],"occlusion.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
