{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2161967063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2009.2037373","title":"Image Annotation by Graph-Based Inference With Integrated Multiple/Single Instance Representations","display_name":"Image Annotation by Graph-Based Inference With Integrated Multiple/Single Instance Representations","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2161967063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2009.2037373","mag":"2161967063"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2009.2037373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2009.2037373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035112538","display_name":"Jinhui Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9008-222X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhui Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100616471","display_name":"Haojie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3882-2205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haojie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100766907","display_name":"Guo-Jun Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3508-1851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo-Jun Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089404640","display_name":"Tat\u2010Seng Chua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-7807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tat-Seng Chua","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.9491,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97889654,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"131","last_page":"141"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9546999931335449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8103674650192261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6605092287063599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-image-annotation","display_name":"Automatic image annotation","score":0.649112343788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.595681369304657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.5716358423233032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5225029587745667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.47538959980010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46453505754470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.46158650517463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.42213329672813416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38691502809524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3058467507362366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8103674650192261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6605092287063599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199579030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2851778","display_name":"Automatic image annotation","level":4,"score":0.649112343788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.595681369304657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.5716358423233032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5225029587745667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.47538959980010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46453505754470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46158650517463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.42213329672813416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38691502809524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3058467507362366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2009.2037373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2009.2037373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/39277","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/39277","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479807131","https://openalex.org/W1497443639","https://openalex.org/W1523910552","https://openalex.org/W1540386283","https://openalex.org/W1625255723","https://openalex.org/W1666447063","https://openalex.org/W1969198379","https://openalex.org/W1969294188","https://openalex.org/W1975692209","https://openalex.org/W2028017042","https://openalex.org/W2029295509","https://openalex.org/W2037407504","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2076752034","https://openalex.org/W2084968769","https://openalex.org/W2089935074","https://openalex.org/W2095609079","https://openalex.org/W2098166271","https://openalex.org/W2098239572","https://openalex.org/W2104019579","https://openalex.org/W2110119381","https://openalex.org/W2136595724","https://openalex.org/W2137918516","https://openalex.org/W2147332957","https://openalex.org/W2147962085","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W2164536058","https://openalex.org/W2283195891","https://openalex.org/W4230674625","https://openalex.org/W6631593138","https://openalex.org/W6632200337","https://openalex.org/W6636494156","https://openalex.org/W6637249095","https://openalex.org/W6642652525","https://openalex.org/W6657575811","https://openalex.org/W6680240620"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3177930984","https://openalex.org/W2052697133","https://openalex.org/W2119028572","https://openalex.org/W2376984068","https://openalex.org/W2152482390","https://openalex.org/W2365617273","https://openalex.org/W2076896210","https://openalex.org/W2093596879","https://openalex.org/W2506386910","https://openalex.org/W2117928543"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"most":[1],"of":[2,30,76,105],"the":[3,27,38,53,96,101,106,111],"learning-based":[4],"image":[5,59,98],"annotation":[6],"approaches,":[7],"images":[8,31],"are":[9,21,32,41],"represented":[10],"using":[11],"multiple-instance":[12,39,54,87],"(local)":[13],"or":[14],"single-instance":[15,28,56,91],"(global)":[16],"features.":[17],"Their":[18],"performances,":[19],"however,":[20],"mixed":[22],"as":[23],"for":[24,36,58],"certain":[25],"concepts,":[26],"representations":[29,40,57,77],"more":[33],"suitable,":[34],"while":[35],"others,":[37],"better.":[42],"Thus":[43],"this":[44],"paper":[45],"explores":[46],"a":[47,90],"unified":[48],"learning":[49,69],"framework":[50,70,109],"that":[51],"combines":[52],"and":[55,103,110],"annotation.":[60],"More":[61],"specifically,":[62],"we":[63],"propose":[64],"an":[65],"integrated":[66,108],"graph-based":[67],"semi-supervised":[68],"to":[71,84],"utilize":[72],"these":[73],"two":[74],"types":[75],"simultaneously.":[78],"We":[79],"further":[80],"explore":[81],"three":[82],"strategies":[83],"convert":[85],"from":[86],"representation":[88],"into":[89],"one.":[92],"Experiments":[93],"conducted":[94],"on":[95],"COREL":[97],"dataset":[99],"demonstrate":[100],"effectiveness":[102],"efficiency":[104],"proposed":[107],"conversion":[112],"strategies.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
