{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2110911841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2009.2021722","title":"Human Perception of Audio-Visual Synthetic Character Emotion Expression in the Presence of Ambiguous and Conflicting Information","display_name":"Human Perception of Audio-Visual Synthetic Character Emotion Expression in the Presence of Ambiguous and Conflicting Information","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2110911841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2009.2021722","mag":"2110911841"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2009.2021722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2009.2021722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111993051","display_name":"Emily Mower","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E. Mower","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010248533","display_name":"Maja J. Matari\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8958-6666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.J. Mataric","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010028928","display_name":"Shrikanth Narayanan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1052-6204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Narayanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111993051"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0291,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95982797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"843","last_page":"855"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12032","display_name":"Multisensory perception and integration","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9674000144004822,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6932103633880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6220585107803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-perception","display_name":"Emotion perception","score":0.5240461826324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animation","display_name":"Animation","score":0.5083162188529968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-expression","display_name":"Emotional expression","score":0.41307270526885986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4057575464248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3880603313446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.306431382894516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.27497321367263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.23316147923469543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.15897729992866516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6932103633880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6220585107803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776141551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000087","display_name":"Emotion perception","level":3,"score":0.5240461826324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.5083162188529968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143110190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5373787","display_name":"Emotional expression","level":2,"score":0.41307270526885986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4057575464248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3880603313446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.306431382894516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.27497321367263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.23316147923469543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15897729992866516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2009.2021722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2009.2021722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.146.5325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.146.5325","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cres.usc.edu/pubdb_html/files_upload/609.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.220.41","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.220.41","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cres.usc.edu/pubdb_html/files_upload/609.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53312570","https://openalex.org/W166264090","https://openalex.org/W1543320899","https://openalex.org/W1588539311","https://openalex.org/W1598253959","https://openalex.org/W1969386661","https://openalex.org/W1985883210","https://openalex.org/W1989104072","https://openalex.org/W2015394094","https://openalex.org/W2029615109","https://openalex.org/W2032254851","https://openalex.org/W2056987789","https://openalex.org/W2064149108","https://openalex.org/W2075274068","https://openalex.org/W2075953807","https://openalex.org/W2096053194","https://openalex.org/W2102570318","https://openalex.org/W2102639289","https://openalex.org/W2102953093","https://openalex.org/W2107421605","https://openalex.org/W2112667975","https://openalex.org/W2115381388","https://openalex.org/W2119417805","https://openalex.org/W2135195345","https://openalex.org/W2139091010","https://openalex.org/W2143350951","https://openalex.org/W2146334809","https://openalex.org/W2146629733","https://openalex.org/W2147449317","https://openalex.org/W2148603752","https://openalex.org/W2158630797","https://openalex.org/W2160287712","https://openalex.org/W2161450073","https://openalex.org/W2162651152","https://openalex.org/W2165825572","https://openalex.org/W2167557160","https://openalex.org/W2339343773","https://openalex.org/W4230277160","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4390911363","https://openalex.org/W6602142435","https://openalex.org/W6606731531","https://openalex.org/W6632659584","https://openalex.org/W6635996524","https://openalex.org/W6684191256"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4377291443","https://openalex.org/W3160749365","https://openalex.org/W2423081157","https://openalex.org/W58978381","https://openalex.org/W1979583587","https://openalex.org/W4386242392","https://openalex.org/W2106473212","https://openalex.org/W4206779536","https://openalex.org/W2560171332","https://openalex.org/W2065364824"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"<para":[0],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[1],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[2],"Computer":[3],"simulated":[4],"avatars":[5],"and":[6,28,51,72,143,168],"humanoid":[7],"robots":[8],"have":[9],"an":[10,41],"increasingly":[11],"prominent":[12],"place":[13],"in":[14,114,178,203],"today's":[15],"world.":[16],"Acceptance":[17],"of":[18,43,59,76,91,95,109,117,189,205],"these":[19],"synthetic":[20,169],"characters":[21],"depends":[22],"on":[23,69],"their":[24,67],"ability":[25],"to":[26,34,66,85,105,127,184,198],"properly":[27,185],"recognizably":[29],"convey":[30],"basic":[31],"emotion":[32],"states":[33],"a":[35,89,118],"user":[36],"population.":[37],"This":[38,159],"study":[39,75],"presents":[40],"analysis":[42],"the":[44,60,74,77,92,98,101,107,110,115,122,174,187,200,206],"interaction":[45],"between":[46],"emotional":[47,57],"audio":[48,102,120,142,157,166],"(human":[49],"voice)":[50],"video":[52,123,144,170],"(simple":[53],"animation)":[54],"cues.":[55],"The":[56,131],"relevance":[58],"channels":[61],"is":[62,177,181],"analyzed":[63],"with":[64],"respect":[65],"effect":[68],"human":[70,86,129],"perception":[71,108],"through":[73],"extracted":[78,134],"audio-visual":[79,138,153,190],"features":[80,145],"that":[81,162],"contribute":[82],"most":[83],"prominently":[84],"perception.":[87,130],"As":[88],"result":[90,160],"unequal":[93],"level":[94],"expressivity":[96],"across":[97],"two":[99],"channels,":[100],"was":[103],"shown":[104,126],"bias":[106],"evaluators.":[111],"However,":[112],"even":[113],"presence":[116],"strong":[119],"bias,":[121],"data":[124],"were":[125],"affect":[128],"feature":[132,147],"sets":[133,148],"from":[135,150],"emotionally":[136,151],"matched":[137],"displays":[139,154],"contained":[140,155],"both":[141],"while":[146],"resulting":[149],"mismatched":[152],"only":[156,172],"information.":[158],"indicates":[161],"observers":[163,197],"integrate":[164],"natural":[165],"cues":[167,171,191],"when":[173],"information":[175,201],"expressed":[176],"congruence.":[179],"It":[180],"therefore":[182],"important":[183],"design":[186,194],"presentation":[188],"as":[192],"incorrect":[193],"may":[195],"cause":[196],"ignore":[199],"conveyed":[202],"one":[204],"channels.":[207],"</para>":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}