{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2149354762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2009.2012924","title":"Efficient Background Subtraction and Shadow Removal for Monochromatic Video Sequences","display_name":"Efficient Background Subtraction and Shadow Removal for Monochromatic Video Sequences","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2149354762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2009.2012924","mag":"2149354762"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2009.2012924","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2009.2012924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111914462","display_name":"C.R. Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7279-6397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61722147","display_name":"Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos","ror":"https://ror.org/05ctmmy43","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61722147"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C.R. Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["PIPCA (Graduate School of Applied Computing), Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), Sao Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PIPCA (Graduate School of Applied Computing), Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), Sao Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61722147"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111914462"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61722147"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.1127,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":137,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97474356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"571","last_page":"577"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-subtraction","display_name":"Background subtraction","score":0.8754056692123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8005424737930298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7845498323440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.7842249870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7578622698783875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.7263232469558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.7160646915435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monochromatic-color","display_name":"Monochromatic color","score":0.5552058219909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4862746000289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-subtraction","display_name":"Image subtraction","score":0.44516557455062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtraction","display_name":"Subtraction","score":0.438009649515152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.43723440170288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreground-detection","display_name":"Foreground detection","score":0.41694480180740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4038134217262268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.39621487259864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.3314390182495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1629108488559723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-image","display_name":"Binary image","score":0.14838215708732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.08682131767272949}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32653426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Background subtraction","level":3,"score":0.8754056692123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8005424737930298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7845498323440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.7842249870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7578622698783875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7263232469558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7160646915435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40833965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6901438","display_name":"Monochromatic color","level":2,"score":0.5552058219909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4862746000289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37672646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002283","display_name":"Image subtraction","level":5,"score":0.44516557455062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68060419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40754","display_name":"Subtraction","level":2,"score":0.438009649515152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.43723440170288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779769447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Foreground detection","level":4,"score":0.41694480180740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4038134217262268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.39621487259864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3314390182495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1629108488559723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193828747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864118","display_name":"Binary image","level":4,"score":0.14838215708732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08682131767272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2009.2012924","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2009.2012924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969463942","https://openalex.org/W2023151535","https://openalex.org/W2026938603","https://openalex.org/W2062727178","https://openalex.org/W2065937457","https://openalex.org/W2096989099","https://openalex.org/W2110799738","https://openalex.org/W2111427798","https://openalex.org/W2116809561","https://openalex.org/W2132951367","https://openalex.org/W2138187652","https://openalex.org/W2143373691","https://openalex.org/W2144720632","https://openalex.org/W2155213743","https://openalex.org/W2157030221","https://openalex.org/W2164734564","https://openalex.org/W2170405326","https://openalex.org/W2489822048","https://openalex.org/W3094885158","https://openalex.org/W4236844765","https://openalex.org/W6676282406"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014708372","https://openalex.org/W3177406559","https://openalex.org/W2145985110","https://openalex.org/W2740820121","https://openalex.org/W2034462085","https://openalex.org/W2337415362","https://openalex.org/W3096301266","https://openalex.org/W1996286083","https://openalex.org/W2002094820","https://openalex.org/W3003164983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,26,36],"new":[4],"method":[5],"for":[6,12],"background":[7,17],"subtraction":[8],"and":[9,25,35,47],"shadow":[10],"removal":[11],"grayscale":[13],"video":[14],"sequences.":[15],"The":[16],"image":[18],"is":[19,29],"modeled":[20],"using":[21],"robust":[22],"statistical":[23,37],"descriptors,":[24],"noise":[27],"estimate":[28],"obtained.":[30],"Foreground":[31],"pixels":[32],"are":[33,43],"extracted,":[34],"approach":[38],"combined":[39],"with":[40],"geometrical":[41],"constraints":[42],"adopted":[44],"to":[45],"detect":[46],"remove":[48],"shadows.":[49]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}