{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1977666796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2008.2009722","title":"Contextual Mixture Tracking","display_name":"Contextual Mixture Tracking","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1977666796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2008.2009722","mag":"1977666796"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2008.2009722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2008.2009722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009228005","display_name":"Peng Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2957-8511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peng Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047712495","display_name":"Lifeng Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4057-5138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Feng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100417188","display_name":"Fei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7059-4287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Dept. of Autom., Tsinghua Univ., Beijing#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Autom., Tsinghua Univ., Beijing#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103588280","display_name":"Shiqiang Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi-Qiang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009228005"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3123,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81405422,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"333","last_page":"341"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7799876928329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.71834397315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent-tracker","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","score":0.6868959665298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6260815262794495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.5840330123901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.57082200050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.4837779700756073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4836043417453766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.47877323627471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.46736785769462585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.4349368214607239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.42333298921585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.42246368527412415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4221500754356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4163581132888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.41022640466690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12906038761138916}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7799876928329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.71834397315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.6868959665298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6260815262794495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.5840330123901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.57082200050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.4837779700756073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4836043417453766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.47877323627471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.46736785769462585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.4349368214607239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.42333298921585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.42246368527412415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4221500754356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4163581132888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.41022640466690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12906038761138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2008.2009722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2008.2009722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.684.3936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.684.3936","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://media.cs.tsinghua.edu.cn/%7Emultimedia/cuipeng/papers/TMM09.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004783587","https://openalex.org/W2009270043","https://openalex.org/W2048355298","https://openalex.org/W2082604112","https://openalex.org/W2100428290","https://openalex.org/W2102786230","https://openalex.org/W2110744759","https://openalex.org/W2113926057","https://openalex.org/W2117088310","https://openalex.org/W2118340964","https://openalex.org/W2119350939","https://openalex.org/W2119855595","https://openalex.org/W2125806710","https://openalex.org/W2131711931","https://openalex.org/W2141251974","https://openalex.org/W2143072423","https://openalex.org/W2146820038","https://openalex.org/W2147953023","https://openalex.org/W2149832394","https://openalex.org/W2150000644","https://openalex.org/W2150978447","https://openalex.org/W2160646681","https://openalex.org/W2166543177","https://openalex.org/W2166687466","https://openalex.org/W2167462877","https://openalex.org/W2613779721","https://openalex.org/W2998216295","https://openalex.org/W3145294510","https://openalex.org/W3150797255","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6677799911","https://openalex.org/W7066667914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2803618243","https://openalex.org/W3020706491","https://openalex.org/W256589335","https://openalex.org/W2804764393","https://openalex.org/W4385454113","https://openalex.org/W4386114301","https://openalex.org/W4386158955","https://openalex.org/W2062103941","https://openalex.org/W4384788979","https://openalex.org/W2511178891"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"<para":[0],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[1],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[2],"Multiple":[3,19,34],"Object":[4,14],"Tracking":[5,15],"(MOT)":[6],"poses":[7],"three":[8],"challenges":[9],"to":[10,25,28,38,116,135],"conventional":[11,140],"well-studied":[12],"Single":[13],"(SOT)":[16],"algorithms:":[17],"1)":[18],"targets":[20,57,102],"lead":[21],"the":[22,29,46,59,68,110,137],"configuration":[23],"space":[24],"be":[26],"exponential":[27],"number":[30,164],"of":[31,101,126,139,151],"targets;":[32],"2)":[33],"motion":[35,99],"conditions":[36,100],"due":[37],"multiple":[39,111],"targets'":[40],"entering,":[41],"exiting":[42],"and":[43,76,109,130,153],"intersection":[44],"make":[45,58],"prediction":[47],"process":[48],"degrade":[49],"in":[50,87,143,162],"precision;":[51],"3)":[52],"Visual":[53],"ambiguities":[54],"among":[55],"nearby":[56],"trackers":[60],"error":[61],"prone.":[62],"In":[63],"this":[64],"paper,":[65],"we":[66],"address":[67],"MOT":[69],"problem":[70],"by":[71,98,106],"embedding":[72],"contextual":[73,77,127],"proposal":[74,93,128],"distributions":[75,94],"observation":[78,131],"models":[79],"into":[80],"a":[81,88],"mixture":[82,141],"tracker":[83,142],"which":[84,103],"is":[85],"implemented":[86],"Particle":[89],"Filter":[90],"framework.":[91],"The":[92,124,156],"are":[95,104,113],"adaptively":[96],"selected":[97],"determined":[105],"context":[107],"information,":[108],"features":[112],"combined":[114],"according":[115],"their":[117],"discriminative":[118],"power":[119],"between":[120],"ambiguity":[121],"prone":[122],"objects.":[123],"induction":[125],"distribution":[129],"model":[132],"can":[133],"help":[134],"surmount":[136],"incapability":[138],"handling":[144],"object":[145],"occlusions,":[146],"meanwhile":[147],"retain":[148],"its":[149],"merits":[150],"flexibility":[152],"high":[154],"efficiency.":[155],"final":[157],"experiments":[158],"show":[159],"significant":[160],"improvement":[161],"variable":[163],"objects":[165],"tracking":[166],"scenarios":[167],"compared":[168],"with":[169],"other":[170],"methods.":[171],"</para>":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}