{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2126599445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2008.2004908","title":"Real-Time Continuous Phoneme Recognition System Using Class-Dependent Tied-Mixture HMM With HBT Structure for Speech-Driven Lip-Sync","display_name":"Real-Time Continuous Phoneme Recognition System Using Class-Dependent Tied-Mixture HMM With HBT Structure for Speech-Driven Lip-Sync","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2126599445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2008.2004908","mag":"2126599445"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2008.2004908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2008.2004908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100667214","display_name":"Junho Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5421-594X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junho Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","[Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026204977","display_name":"Hanseok Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8744-4514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanseok Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK","Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge,,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge,,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0096,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91553206,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"7","first_page":"1299","last_page":"1306"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8495911359786987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.815639078617096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sync","display_name":"sync","score":0.7729412913322449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.7584830522537231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.6757386922836304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6343971490859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4212072491645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3942813575267792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38041478395462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.24412113428115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08003482222557068}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8495911359786987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.815639078617096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3913047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1956265","display_name":"sync","level":3,"score":0.7729412913322449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.7584830522537231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.6757386922836304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6343971490859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4212072491645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3942813575267792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38041478395462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.24412113428115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08003482222557068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmm.2008.2004908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2008.2004908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137030581","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","issn_l":"1520-9210","issn":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6456089","https://openalex.org/W151018310","https://openalex.org/W160985744","https://openalex.org/W311969337","https://openalex.org/W1504187604","https://openalex.org/W1554803342","https://openalex.org/W1979252360","https://openalex.org/W1985146805","https://openalex.org/W1990793710","https://openalex.org/W2002591263","https://openalex.org/W2047618352","https://openalex.org/W2050487305","https://openalex.org/W2082942761","https://openalex.org/W2102794086","https://openalex.org/W2112446559","https://openalex.org/W2112890390","https://openalex.org/W2114336453","https://openalex.org/W2127324356","https://openalex.org/W2128173845","https://openalex.org/W2130937119","https://openalex.org/W2133228161","https://openalex.org/W2146643634","https://openalex.org/W2150133190","https://openalex.org/W2152243523","https://openalex.org/W2154226865","https://openalex.org/W2162813706","https://openalex.org/W2295661697","https://openalex.org/W2405997896","https://openalex.org/W6606076462","https://openalex.org/W6606539960","https://openalex.org/W6611024320","https://openalex.org/W6630153011","https://openalex.org/W6678618132","https://openalex.org/W6679669933","https://openalex.org/W6713594743"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2293149949","https://openalex.org/W2026099691","https://openalex.org/W2136763963","https://openalex.org/W2109705048","https://openalex.org/W2940588515","https://openalex.org/W1909151225","https://openalex.org/W2160030256","https://openalex.org/W1521297879","https://openalex.org/W4253235840","https://openalex.org/W3151937861"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"describes":[2],"a":[3,33,148,154],"real-time":[4,34,184],"lip-sync":[5,35,149],"method":[6,145,173],"using":[7],"which":[8,57],"an":[9,26],"avatar's":[10],"lip":[11],"shape":[12],"is":[13,22,47,104,115,157],"synchronized":[14],"with":[15,70],"the":[16,30,40,43,50,71,94,112,120,124,128,133,175],"corresponding":[17],"speech":[18],"signal.":[19],"Phoneme":[20],"recognition":[21,85],"generally":[23],"regarded":[24],"as":[25],"important":[27],"task":[28,95],"in":[29,132],"operation":[31],"of":[32,42,52,74,96,127,177],"system.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38],"work,":[39],"use":[41],"Head-Body-Tail":[44],"(HBT)":[45],"model":[46,67,178],"proposed":[48,144],"for":[49,77,93,123],"purpose":[51],"more":[53],"efficiently":[54],"recognizing":[55],"phonemes":[56],"are":[58,138],"variously":[59],"uttered":[60],"due":[61],"to":[62,117,147,159],"co-articulation":[63],"effects.":[64],"The":[65,143],"HBT":[66,164],"effectively":[68],"deals":[69],"transition":[72],"parts":[73],"context-dependent":[75,89],"models":[76,82,92,169],"small-sized":[78],"vocabulary":[79],"tasks.":[80],"These":[81],"provide":[83],"better":[84],"performance":[86],"than":[87],"general":[88],"or":[90,98],"context-independent":[91],"digit":[97],"vowel":[99],"recognition.":[100],"Moreover,":[101],"each":[102],"phoneme":[103],"categorized":[105],"into":[106],"one":[107],"among":[108],"four":[109],"classes":[110],"and":[111,165,182],"class-dependent":[113,141],"codebook":[114],"generated":[116],"further":[118],"improve":[119],"performance.":[121],"Additionally,":[122],"clear":[125],"representation":[126],"context":[129],"dependency":[130],"information":[131],"transient":[134],"parts,":[135],"some":[136],"Gaussians":[137],"excluded":[139],"from":[140],"codebook.":[142],"leads":[146],"system":[150],"that":[151,156],"performs":[152],"at":[153],"level":[155],"similar":[158],"previous":[160],"designs":[161],"based":[162],"on":[163],"continuous":[166],"hidden":[167],"Markov":[168],"(CHMMs).":[170],"However,":[171],"our":[172],"reduces":[174],"number":[176],"parameters":[179],"by":[180],"one-third":[181],"enables":[183],"operation.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
