{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125614197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2026.3657118","title":"VQPET: Leveraging Vector-Quantized Codebook Prior for PET Image Synthesis","display_name":"VQPET: Leveraging Vector-Quantized Codebook Prior for PET Image Synthesis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125614197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2026.3657118","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41576128"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2026.3657118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2026.3657118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123775930","display_name":"Haowei Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767781","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/017r4dj03","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767781","https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haowei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6950-3373","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672","https://openalex.org/I4391767781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123735180","display_name":"Zhiwen Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767781","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/017r4dj03","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767781","https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5712-9695","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672","https://openalex.org/I4391767781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2848-7642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767781","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/017r4dj03","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767781","https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2848-7642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672","https://openalex.org/I4391767781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123756655","display_name":"Xiaoqian Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767781","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/017r4dj03","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767781","https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672","https://openalex.org/I4391767781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123779980","display_name":"Hui Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9476-4244","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123738156","display_name":"Dan Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200296433","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02drdmm93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089431","display_name":"National Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0065zqt33","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089431"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, and Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1388-4564","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, and Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089431","https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033792432","display_name":"Bingzheng Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6979-0459"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingzheng Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["ByteDance Inc., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6979-0459","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123744598","display_name":"Gang Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767781","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/017r4dj03","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767781","https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672","https://openalex.org/I4391767781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123759845","display_name":"Yan Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767781","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/017r4dj03","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767781","https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-7594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672","https://openalex.org/I4391767781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07251661,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"5","first_page":"2542","last_page":"2560"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.17759999632835388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.17759999632835388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.15330000221729279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.08489999920129776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-probability","display_name":"Prior probability","score":0.6503999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5778999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5386000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5271999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5209000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5065000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.40869998931884766}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.6503999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5778999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5386000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5271999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5209000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5065000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.40869998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570441","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","level":2,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13481523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412438","display_name":"Image compression","level":4,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93372532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6552455","display_name":"Linde\u2013Buzo\u2013Gray algorithm","level":3,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781137444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237105","display_name":"Sharpening","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020402766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104376712","display_name":"Prior information","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098842","descriptor_name":"Generative Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098842","descriptor_name":"Generative Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098842","descriptor_name":"Generative Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098842","descriptor_name":"Generative Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049268","descriptor_name":"Positron-Emission Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049268","descriptor_name":"Positron-Emission Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049268","descriptor_name":"Positron-Emission Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049268","descriptor_name":"Positron-Emission Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049268","descriptor_name":"Positron-Emission Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049268","descriptor_name":"Positron-Emission Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049268","descriptor_name":"Positron-Emission Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2026.3657118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2026.3657118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41576128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41576128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7468487081","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7843086792","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23B2063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8444873511","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176267","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Positron":[0],"emission":[1],"tomography":[2],"(PET)":[3],"image":[4,43,116],"synthesis":[5,44,226],"is":[6,68,148],"a":[7,71,103,124,175,230],"highly":[8],"ill-posed":[9],"problem":[10],"that":[11,108,179],"requires":[12],"auxiliary":[13,39],"priors":[14,40],"to":[15,33,50,186,209,219,234],"1)":[16],"alleviate":[17],"the":[18,60,63,86,110,119,141,152,157,170,182,194,241],"loss":[19],"of":[20,80,247],"high-quality":[21],"(HQ)":[22],"information":[23,53,93],"in":[24,41,140],"low-quality":[25],"(LQ)":[26],"inputs,":[27],"and":[28,94,160,227,244],"2)":[29],"impose":[30],"additional":[31,128,164,215],"constraints":[32],"reduce":[34],"mapping":[35],"uncertainty.":[36],"However,":[37],"existing":[38],"PET":[42,115,131],"often":[45],"provide":[46],"inadequate":[47],"guidance":[48,204],"due":[49],"inaccurate":[51],"prior":[52,56,67,89,113,147,185,197,222],"or":[54],"limited":[55],"expressiveness.":[57,97],"To":[58],"overcome":[59],"aforementioned":[61],"limitations,":[62],"vector-quantized":[64],"(VQ)":[65],"codebook":[66,88,112,146,184,196],"employed":[69],"as":[70,137,162,229],"promising":[72],"solution.":[73],"By":[74],"learning":[75],"discrete":[76],"latent":[77],"feature":[78],"representations":[79],"HQ":[81,92,130,135,206,217],"images":[82],"through":[83],"deep":[84],"models,":[85],"VQ":[87,111,142,145,183,195],"encompasses":[90],"accurate":[91],"possesses":[95],"great":[96],"Building":[98],"upon":[99],"this,":[100],"we":[101],"propose":[102],"novel":[104],"two-stage":[105],"framework,":[106],"VQPET,":[107],"introduces":[109],"for":[114,166,205,224],"synthesis.":[117,168,207],"In":[118,169],"first":[120],"stage,":[121,172],"it":[122,173],"pretrains":[123],"VQGAN":[125,159],"on":[126],"an":[127,163],"large-scale":[129,216],"dataset,":[132],"encoding":[133],"intrinsic":[134],"features":[136,154],"code":[138],"items":[139],"codebook.":[143],"The":[144],"thus":[149],"derived":[150],"from":[151,156],"high-level":[153],"obtained":[155],"pretrained":[158,221],"serves":[161],"constraint":[165],"downstream":[167],"second":[171],"develops":[174],"codebook-prior-guided":[176],"network":[177],"(CPGNet)":[178],"effectively":[180],"exploits":[181],"produce":[187],"realistic":[188],"outputs.":[189],"Specifically,":[190],"CPGNet":[191],"progressively":[192],"incorporates":[193],"at":[198],"multiple":[199],"decoding":[200],"levels,":[201],"providing":[202],"reliable":[203],"Compared":[208],"previous":[210],"works,":[211],"VQPET":[212],"innovatively":[213],"leverages":[214],"datasets":[218],"transfer":[220],"knowledge":[223],"enhanced":[225],"functions":[228],"general":[231],"framework":[232],"applicable":[233],"any":[235],"encoder-decoder":[236],"network.":[237],"Extensive":[238],"experiments":[239],"demonstrate":[240],"substantial":[242],"effect":[243],"robust":[245],"generalizability":[246],"VQPET.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2026-01-25T00:00:00"}
