{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123369606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2026.3652170","title":"CeLR: A Transformer-Based Regression Network for Accurate Cephalometric Landmark Detection in High-Resolution X-Ray Imaging","display_name":"CeLR: A Transformer-Based Regression Network for Accurate Cephalometric Landmark Detection in High-Resolution X-Ray Imaging","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123369606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2026.3652170","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41525536"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2026.3652170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2026.3652170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102020434","display_name":"Jiakai Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3167-2614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70908550","display_name":"Anhui Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/041sj0284","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70908550"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiakai Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3167-2614","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70908550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061122204","display_name":"Yang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2837-8016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92178344","display_name":"Anhui University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02qdtrq21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92178344"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2837-8016","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92178344"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060306616","display_name":"Chaolin Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4510145","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0t9252","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaolin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122900387","display_name":"Chao Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5740404","display_name":"Tianjin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02mh8wx89","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5740404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5740404","https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122866716","display_name":"Chunyu Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunyu Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-3405","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03885604,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"5","first_page":"2283","last_page":"2294"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10356","display_name":"Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3505","display_name":"Orthodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmark","display_name":"Landmark","score":0.9063000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6934000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cephalometric-analysis","display_name":"Cephalometric analysis","score":0.4763999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.46320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4081999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.39879998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.35929998755455017}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.9063000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7397000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6934000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779333352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5063294","display_name":"Cephalometric analysis","level":2,"score":0.4763999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.46320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.42910000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4081999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.39879998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.35929998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.3447999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983327147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Image denoising","level":3,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128099668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q573952","display_name":"Lazy evaluation","level":3,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002508","descriptor_name":"Cephalometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002508","descriptor_name":"Cephalometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002508","descriptor_name":"Cephalometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002508","descriptor_name":"Cephalometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002508","descriptor_name":"Cephalometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002508","descriptor_name":"Cephalometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002508","descriptor_name":"Cephalometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059925","descriptor_name":"Anatomic Landmarks","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059925","descriptor_name":"Anatomic Landmarks","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059925","descriptor_name":"Anatomic Landmarks","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059925","descriptor_name":"Anatomic Landmarks","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059925","descriptor_name":"Anatomic Landmarks","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059925","descriptor_name":"Anatomic Landmarks","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059925","descriptor_name":"Anatomic Landmarks","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2026.3652170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2026.3652170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41525536","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41525536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5437496304512024,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3159385919","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62206005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4223344948","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62122059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reliable":[0],"localization":[1],"of":[2,89,119,130,138,158],"cephalometric":[3,96],"landmarks":[4],"is":[5,83,163],"essential":[6],"for":[7,39],"automated":[8],"orthodontic":[9],"analysis.":[10],"Existing":[11],"approaches":[12],"are":[13],"limited":[14],"by":[15],"high":[16],"computational":[17,136],"cost":[18,137],"or":[19],"complex":[20],"multi-stage":[21],"pipelines,":[22],"hindering":[23],"end-to-end":[24,32],"optimization.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27],"work,":[28],"we":[29],"propose":[30],"an":[31,114],"Transformer-based":[33],"Cephalometric":[34],"Landmark":[35],"Regression":[36],"network":[37],"(CeLR)":[38],"high-resolution":[40],"X-ray":[41],"images.":[42],"First,":[43],"a":[44,57,69,80,123,135,143],"feature":[45],"extractor":[46],"captures":[47],"both":[48],"low-level":[49],"anatomical":[50],"details":[51],"and":[52,63,122,148,155],"high-level":[53],"semantic":[54],"information.":[55],"Then,":[56],"reference":[58],"encoder":[59],"models":[60],"global":[61],"dependencies":[62],"generates":[64],"coarse":[65],"landmark":[66],"estimates.":[67],"Next,":[68],"finetune":[70],"decoder":[71],"employs":[72],"cross-attention":[73],"mechanisms":[74],"to":[75,85],"refine":[76],"these":[77],"predictions.":[78],"Additionally,":[79],"denoising":[81],"module":[82],"introduced":[84],"enhance":[86],"the":[87,90,106,153,159],"robustness":[88],"model.":[91],"Experiments":[92],"on":[93,105],"multiple":[94],"public":[95],"datasets":[97],"demonstrate":[98],"that":[99],"CeLR":[100,112],"achieves":[101,113],"state-of-the-art":[102],"performance.":[103],"Specifically,":[104],"ISBI":[107],"2015":[108],"Challenge":[109],"Test1":[110],"dataset,":[111],"Mean":[115],"Radial":[116],"Error":[117],"(MRE)":[118],"0.98":[120],"mm":[121,125],"2":[124],"Success":[126],"Detection":[127],"Rate":[128],"(SDR)":[129],"89.82%.":[131],"Moreover,":[132],"it":[133],"maintains":[134],"only":[139],"91.3":[140],"GFLOPs,":[141],"demonstrating":[142],"satisfactory":[144],"balance":[145],"between":[146],"accuracy":[147],"efficiency.":[149],"These":[150],"results":[151],"highlight":[152],"effectiveness":[154],"clinical":[156],"potential":[157],"proposed":[160],"method.":[161],"Code":[162],"available":[164],"at:":[165],"https://github.com/huang229/D-CeLR.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-27T08:28:00.272161","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}
