{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415179300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2025.3621093","title":"Cell Instance Segmentation: The Devil Is in the Boundaries","display_name":"Cell Instance Segmentation: The Devil Is in the Boundaries","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415179300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2025.3621093","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41086066"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2025.3621093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2025.3621093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069345995","display_name":"Peixian Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8600-3285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peixian Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8600-3285","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101822672","display_name":"Yifan Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7625-2421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101959001","display_name":"Yizhe Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2624-3329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yizhe Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052870302","display_name":"Jianxu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8500-1357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121365","display_name":"Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences - ISAS","ror":"https://ror.org/02jhqqg57","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I4210121365"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianxu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften–ISAS–e.V., Dortmund, Germany","Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften–ISAS–e.V., Dortmund, German"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften–ISAS–e.V., Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121365"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften–ISAS–e.V., Dortmund, German","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121365"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074718306","display_name":"Hao Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9790-7607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79516672","display_name":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8rc503","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799628689","https://openalex.org/I79516672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Informatics, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9790-7607","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Informatics, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79516672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101530121","display_name":"Hongxiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8363-361X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongxiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8363-361X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090695667","display_name":"Yejia Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7484-8800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yejia Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074986791","display_name":"Guangyu Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-6542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyu Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-6542","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084597959","display_name":"Tim Weninger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3164-2615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Weninger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3164-2615","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003032564","display_name":"Michael Niemier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7776-4306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Niemier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7776-4306","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100600905","display_name":"Xiaobo Sharon Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6636-9738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X. Sharon Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6636-9738","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060901632","display_name":"Danny Z. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6565-2884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danny Z. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6565-2884","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.196,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85188473,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"4","first_page":"1311","last_page":"1324"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.7918000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.6718999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.631600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5522000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.49470001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.49459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-kernel-signature","display_name":"Heat kernel signature","score":0.41819998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range-segmentation","display_name":"Range segmentation","score":0.3797999918460846}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7918000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.6718999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.631600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5522000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5133000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.49470001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.49459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.46160000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45089102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5693286","display_name":"Heat kernel signature","level":4,"score":0.41819998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67561299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7292710","display_name":"Range segmentation","level":5,"score":0.3797999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.37279999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93058836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1453572","display_name":"Chain code","level":3,"score":0.35510000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.3188999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25694479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7446278","display_name":"Segmentation-based object categorization","level":5,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2025.3621093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2025.3621093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41086066","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41086066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2941192798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR001121C0168","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3370158539","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"161L0272","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5635606891","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LEQSF(2025-28)-RD-A-21","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309392","funder_display_name":"Louisiana Board of Regents"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5874616355","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR00112290106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309392","display_name":"Louisiana Board of Regents","ror":"https://ror.org/00jv89z46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"State-of-the-art":[0],"(SOTA)":[1],"methods":[2,37,232],"for":[3],"cell":[4,28,88,122,132,204,247],"instance":[5,39,248],"segmentation":[6,14,235,249],"are":[7,206],"based":[8,197,214],"on":[9,17,198,215,222,233],"deep":[10],"learning":[11],"(DL)":[12],"semantic":[13,140,234],"approaches,":[15],"focusing":[16],"distinguishing":[18],"foreground":[19,31,129],"pixels":[20,32,101,130,171],"from":[21,30,66,139,172],"background":[22],"pixels.":[23],"In":[24],"order":[25],"to":[26,47,70,102,120,127,191,245],"identify":[27],"instances":[29,205],"(e.g.,":[33],"pixel":[34,112,230],"clustering),":[35],"most":[36],"decompose":[38],"information":[40],"into":[41,131],"pixel-wise":[42,79],"objectives,":[43],"such":[44,90],"as":[45,58,91,177,179],"distances":[46,65],"foreground-background":[48,71],"boundaries":[49,72,147],"(distance":[50],"maps),":[51,63],"heat":[52,59],"gradients":[53],"with":[54,73,135,151],"the":[55,67,87,173,180,199,216],"center":[56,68],"point":[57,69],"source":[60],"(heat":[61],"diffusion":[62],"and":[64,94,125],"fixed":[74],"angles":[75],"(star-shaped":[76],"polygons).":[77],"However,":[78],"objectives":[80],"may":[81],"lose":[82],"significant":[83],"geometric":[84],"properties":[85],"of":[86,100],"instances,":[89],"shape,":[92],"curvature,":[93],"convexity,":[95],"which":[96],"require":[97],"a":[98,110,152,160,185],"collection":[99],"represent.":[103],"To":[104],"address":[105],"this":[106],"challenge,":[107],"we":[108],"present":[109],"novel":[111],"clustering":[113,231],"method,":[114],"called":[115],"Ceb":[116,142,227,239],"(for":[117],"Cell":[118],"boundaries),":[119],"leverage":[121],"boundary":[123,149,158,161,165,176,187,195,201,218],"features":[124],"labels":[126],"divide":[128],"instances.":[133],"Starting":[134],"probability":[136,236],"maps":[137],"generated":[138],"segmentation,":[141],"first":[143],"extracts":[144],"potential":[145],"foreground-foreground":[146,175],"(i.e.,":[148],"candidates)":[150],"revised":[153],"Watershed":[154],"algorithm.":[155],"For":[156],"each":[157],"candidate,":[159],"feature":[162],"representation":[163],"(called":[164],"signature)":[166],"is":[167,189,253],"constructed":[168],"by":[169,208],"sampling":[170],"current":[174],"well":[178],"neighboring":[181,212],"background-foreground":[182],"boundaries.":[183],"Next,":[184],"lightweight":[186],"classifier":[188],"used":[190],"predict":[192],"its":[193],"binary":[194],"label":[196],"corresponding":[200],"signature.":[202],"Finally,":[203],"obtained":[207],"dividing":[209],"or":[210],"merging":[211],"regions":[213],"predicted":[217],"labels.":[219],"Extensive":[220],"experiments":[221],"six":[223],"datasets":[224],"demonstrate":[225],"that":[226],"outperforms":[228],"existing":[229],"maps.":[237],"Moreover,":[238],"achieves":[240],"highly":[241],"competitive":[242],"performance":[243],"compared":[244],"state-of-the-art":[246],"methods.":[250],"The":[251],"code":[252],"available":[254],"at:":[255],"https://github.com/pxliang/Ceb.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-15T00:00:00"}