{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390706891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2024.3351213","title":"Pseudo-Bag Mixup Augmentation for Multiple Instance Learning-Based Whole Slide Image Classification","display_name":"Pseudo-Bag Mixup Augmentation for Multiple Instance Learning-Based Whole Slide Image Classification","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390706891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2024.3351213","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38194395"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2024.3351213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2024.3351213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383827","display_name":"Pei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3795-6140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3795-6140","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036253906","display_name":"Luping Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1200-5218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luping Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1200-5218","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092362879","display_name":"Xinyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9379-9337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101304634","display_name":"Ye Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4130-7888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089761","display_name":"West China Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007mrxy13","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.1951,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9861987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"5","first_page":"1841","last_page":"1852"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8337730169296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7342432737350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6166890263557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5104666948318481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.47726815938949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4709055423736572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3535742163658142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2690501809120178}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8337730169296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7342432737350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6166890263557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5104666948318481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.47726815938949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4709055423736572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3535742163658142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2690501809120178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2024.3351213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2024.3351213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38194395","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38194395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3846532583","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u56fe\u50cf\u7279\u5f81\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5f31\u6df1\u5ea6\u6a21\u578b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61972072","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G684497553","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZYGX2022YGRH015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2566079294","https://openalex.org/W2762672048","https://openalex.org/W2897068067","https://openalex.org/W2943370629","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2956228567","https://openalex.org/W2967444033","https://openalex.org/W2969278648","https://openalex.org/W2992308087","https://openalex.org/W3114304902","https://openalex.org/W3118152168","https://openalex.org/W3128210037","https://openalex.org/W3135547872","https://openalex.org/W3156423522","https://openalex.org/W3176719058","https://openalex.org/W3178324441","https://openalex.org/W3200930555","https://openalex.org/W4225142522","https://openalex.org/W4230674625","https://openalex.org/W4283258232","https://openalex.org/W4284713902","https://openalex.org/W4288809219","https://openalex.org/W4312468136","https://openalex.org/W4312747676","https://openalex.org/W4312765357","https://openalex.org/W4312776869","https://openalex.org/W4362601831","https://openalex.org/W4365601479","https://openalex.org/W4372331111","https://openalex.org/W4386076317","https://openalex.org/W4386076404","https://openalex.org/W4386362695","https://openalex.org/W4388210672","https://openalex.org/W4393148321","https://openalex.org/W4402263220","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6745136726","https://openalex.org/W6747701563","https://openalex.org/W6754995021","https://openalex.org/W6779447676","https://openalex.org/W6784078097","https://openalex.org/W6803426362","https://openalex.org/W6810055804","https://openalex.org/W6851024935","https://openalex.org/W6851700918"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770593030","https://openalex.org/W4281727072","https://openalex.org/W4312219546","https://openalex.org/W3154990682","https://openalex.org/W2171975302","https://openalex.org/W2022352247","https://openalex.org/W1589637664","https://openalex.org/W2560201613","https://openalex.org/W1532073221","https://openalex.org/W2377538627"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Given":[0],"the":[1,16,45,65,76,94,102,128,168,198],"special":[2,109,205],"situation":[3],"of":[4,15,69,79,96,172,201],"modeling":[5],"gigapixel":[6],"images,":[7],"multiple":[8],"instance":[9],"learning":[10],"(MIL)":[11],"has":[12],"become":[13],"one":[14],"most":[17,29],"important":[18],"frameworks":[19],"for":[20,105],"Whole":[21],"Slide":[22],"Image":[23],"(WSI)":[24],"classification.":[25,121],"In":[26],"current":[27],"practice,":[28],"MIL":[30,57,97,155,184,202],"networks":[31,185],"often":[32,181],"face":[33],"two":[34],"unavoidable":[35],"problems":[36,54],"in":[37,50,118,135,204],"training:":[38],"i)":[39],"insufficient":[40],"WSI":[41,120],"data":[42,89],"and":[43,61,132,145,160,170,208,215],"ii)":[44],"sample":[46],"memorization":[47],"inclination":[48],"inherent":[49],"neural":[51],"networks.":[52],"These":[53],"may":[55],"hinder":[56],"models":[58,71,203],"from":[59],"adequate":[60],"efficient":[62,144],"training,":[63],"suppressing":[64],"continuous":[66],"performance":[67,190,200],"promotion":[68],"classification":[70,189],"on":[72,154,191],"WSIs.":[73,192],"Inspired":[74],"by":[75,123],"basic":[77],"idea":[78],"Mixup,":[80],"this":[81],"paper":[82],"proposes":[83],"a":[84],"new":[85],"Pseudo-bag":[86],"Mixup":[87,103,136],"(PseMix)":[88],"augmentation":[90],"scheme":[91,100],"to":[92,108,115,166,186,212],"improve":[93],"training":[95],"models.":[98],"This":[99],"generalizes":[101],"strategy":[104],"general":[106],"images":[107],"WSIs":[110],"via":[111],"pseudo-bags":[112],"so":[113],"as":[114,142],"be":[116],"applied":[117],"MIL-based":[119],"Cooperated":[122],"pseudo-bags,":[124],"our":[125,173],"PseMix":[126,179],"fulfills":[127],"critical":[129],"size":[130],"alignment":[131,134],"semantic":[133],"strategy.":[137],"Moreover,":[138],"it":[139,194],"is":[140,221],"designed":[141,165],"an":[143],"decoupled":[146],"method,":[147],"neither":[148],"involving":[149],"time-consuming":[150],"operations":[151],"nor":[152],"relying":[153],"model":[156],"predictions.":[157],"Comparative":[158],"experiments":[159],"ablation":[161],"studies":[162],"are":[163],"specially":[164],"evaluate":[167],"effectiveness":[169],"advantages":[171],"PseMix.":[174],"Experimental":[175],"results":[176],"show":[177],"that":[178],"could":[180,195],"assist":[182],"state-of-the-art":[183],"refresh":[187],"their":[188,210],"Besides,":[193],"also":[196],"boost":[197],"generalization":[199],"test":[206],"scenarios,":[207],"promote":[209],"robustness":[211],"patch":[213],"occlusion":[214],"label":[216],"noise.":[217],"Our":[218],"source":[219],"code":[220],"available":[222],"at":[223],"https://github.com/liupei101/PseMix.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}