{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385834274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2023.3305378","title":"A Causality-Driven Graph Convolutional Network for Postural Abnormality Diagnosis in Parkinsonians","display_name":"A Causality-Driven Graph Convolutional Network for Postural Abnormality Diagnosis in Parkinsonians","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385834274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2023.3305378","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37581959"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2023.3305378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2023.3305378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101885427","display_name":"Xinlu Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9469-8345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinlu Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Image and Health Informatics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9469-8345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Image and Health Informatics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100753417","display_name":"Rui Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7179-8097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Image and Health Informatics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7179-8097","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Image and Health Informatics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008771137","display_name":"Chencheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4472-4134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801556517","display_name":"Ruijin Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01hv94n30","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801556517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chencheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4472-4134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801556517","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011662977","display_name":"Xiahai Zhuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4351-4979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiahai Zhuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4351-4979","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063759279","display_name":"Xiaohua Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6548-6801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohua Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Image and Health Informatics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6548-6801","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Image and Health Informatics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1545,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79553664,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"12","first_page":"3752","last_page":"3763"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14286","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease and Spinal Disorders","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.9319999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abnormality","display_name":"Abnormality","score":0.686002254486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6588679552078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.601494550704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality","display_name":"Causality (physics)","score":0.5431302189826965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48332881927490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.41364437341690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.39305487275123596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.21460700035095215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.20993325114250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.11893811821937561}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50965678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2724302","display_name":"Abnormality","level":2,"score":0.686002254486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6588679552078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.601494550704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5431302189826965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48332881927490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.41364437341690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.39305487275123596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.21460700035095215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.20993325114250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11893811821937561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2023.3305378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2023.3305378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37581959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37581959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4543570484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171273","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6237455306","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22ZR1432100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7270976214","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YG2022QN007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322999","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322999","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594054574","https://openalex.org/W1920030402","https://openalex.org/W1987992264","https://openalex.org/W2005821483","https://openalex.org/W2006253737","https://openalex.org/W2050900769","https://openalex.org/W2054540100","https://openalex.org/W2071881327","https://openalex.org/W2072579321","https://openalex.org/W2073449985","https://openalex.org/W2112587190","https://openalex.org/W2117340355","https://openalex.org/W2139055152","https://openalex.org/W2140978740","https://openalex.org/W2143891888","https://openalex.org/W2145954079","https://openalex.org/W2166220068","https://openalex.org/W2168290350","https://openalex.org/W2310177520","https://openalex.org/W2396986445","https://openalex.org/W2495874476","https://openalex.org/W2552765526","https://openalex.org/W2765366332","https://openalex.org/W2786160501","https://openalex.org/W2790376986","https://openalex.org/W2806489700","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2919382774","https://openalex.org/W2956863190","https://openalex.org/W2973007151","https://openalex.org/W2983369448","https://openalex.org/W2995750307","https://openalex.org/W3005600289","https://openalex.org/W3044971416","https://openalex.org/W3046735248","https://openalex.org/W3138506360","https://openalex.org/W3154391875","https://openalex.org/W3155887477","https://openalex.org/W3158631207","https://openalex.org/W3169752883","https://openalex.org/W3197528291","https://openalex.org/W3199008037","https://openalex.org/W4200196407","https://openalex.org/W4206785899","https://openalex.org/W4214938808","https://openalex.org/W4220739453","https://openalex.org/W4221146190","https://openalex.org/W4290091051","https://openalex.org/W4313420271","https://openalex.org/W4313526933","https://openalex.org/W4315630749","https://openalex.org/W6764756247","https://openalex.org/W6810146391"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4247543202","https://openalex.org/W4243456421","https://openalex.org/W4240842027","https://openalex.org/W2417397217","https://openalex.org/W2355857550","https://openalex.org/W3093256375","https://openalex.org/W1841421040","https://openalex.org/W2896815346","https://openalex.org/W3028882978","https://openalex.org/W1487766990"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abnormal":[0],"posture":[1,208],"is":[2,48,84,109,136,151,232],"a":[3,81,98,127,170,187,215],"common":[4],"movement":[5],"disorder":[6],"in":[7,59,202,227],"the":[8,19,32,52,65,69,112,161,192],"progress":[9],"of":[10,21,34,54,163,224],"Parkinson's":[11],"disease":[12],"(PD),":[13],"and":[14,47,76,116,167,174,221],"this":[15,41,62],"abnormality":[16],"can":[17],"increase":[18],"risk":[20],"falls":[22],"or":[23],"even":[24],"disabilities.":[25],"The":[26,177],"conventional":[27],"assessment":[28],"approach":[29,42,217],"depends":[30],"on":[31,103,186,206],"judgment":[33],"well-trained":[35],"experts":[36],"via":[37],"canonical":[38],"scales.":[39],"However,":[40],"requires":[43],"extensive":[44,184],"clinical":[45,189],"expertise":[46],"highly":[49],"subjective.":[50],"Considering":[51],"potential":[53],"quantitative":[55],"susceptibility":[56],"mapping":[57],"(QSM)":[58],"PD":[60,73,207],"diagnosis,":[61],"study":[63],"explored":[64],"QSM-based":[66],"method":[67,179,197],"for":[68,153,218],"automated":[70],"classification":[71],"between":[72,172],"patients":[74],"with":[75,130,199],"without":[77],"postural":[78,225],"abnormalities.":[79,209],"Nevertheless,":[80],"major":[82],"challenge":[83],"that":[85,125],"unstable":[86],"non-causal":[87,128],"features":[88,193],"typically":[89],"lead":[90],"to":[91,138,159],"less":[92],"reliable":[93,222],"performance.":[94],"Therefore,":[95],"we":[96,120],"propose":[97],"causality-driven":[99],"graph-convolutional-network":[100],"framework":[101],"based":[102],"multi-instance":[104],"learning,":[105],"where":[106],"performance":[107,182],"stability":[108,134],"enhanced":[110],"through":[111,183],"invariant":[113],"prediction":[114,142],"principle":[115],"causal":[117,131],"interventions.":[118,145],"Specifically,":[119],"adopt":[121],"an":[122,147],"intervention":[123],"strategy":[124],"combines":[126],"intervenor":[129],"prediction.":[132],"A":[133],"constraint":[135,150],"proposed":[137,178],"ensure":[139],"robust":[140],"integrated":[141],"under":[143],"different":[144],"Moreover,":[146],"intra-class":[148],"homogeneity":[149],"enforced":[152],"each":[154],"individually-learned":[155],"causality":[156],"scoring":[157],"module":[158],"promote":[160],"extraction":[162],"group-level":[164,175],"general":[165],"features,":[166],"hence":[168],"achieve":[169],"balance":[171],"subject-specific":[173],"features.":[176],"demonstrated":[180],"promising":[181],"experiments":[185],"real":[188],"dataset.":[190],"Also,":[191],"extracted":[194],"by":[195],"our":[196,212],"coincide":[198],"those":[200],"reported":[201],"previous":[203],"medical":[204],"studies":[205],"In":[210],"general,":[211],"work":[213],"provides":[214],"clinically-valuable":[216],"automated,":[219],"objective,":[220],"diagnosis":[223],"abnormalities":[226],"Parkinsonians.":[228],"Our":[229],"source":[230],"code":[231],"publicly":[233],"available":[234],"at":[235],"https://github.com/SJTUBME-QianLab/CausalGCN-PDPA.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}