{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383960237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2023.3294248","title":"Collaborative Multi-Metadata Fusion to Improve the Classification of Lumbar Disc Herniation","display_name":"Collaborative Multi-Metadata Fusion to Improve the Classification of Lumbar Disc Herniation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383960237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2023.3294248","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37432809"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2023.3294248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2023.3294248","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/42/4359023/10178079.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/42/4359023/10178079.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039783962","display_name":"Shuyi Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuyi Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2019-4351","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100721116","display_name":"Jinhua Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4031-3031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351295","display_name":"Xiaojie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4740-7882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038088018","display_name":"Yuanfeng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-3261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanfeng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-3261","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039783962"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8035,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84080264,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"12","first_page":"3590","last_page":"3601"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7516964077949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7010824680328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5819945931434631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5099786520004272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5075870752334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.49513402581214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-aided-diagnosis","display_name":"Computer-aided diagnosis","score":0.45728299021720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.45691853761672974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.43940553069114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4244944751262665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/s\u00f8rensen\u2013dice-coefficient","display_name":"S\u00f8rensen\u2013Dice coefficient","score":0.4168870449066162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.40200942754745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.37290722131729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3722553551197052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2360796332359314}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7516964077949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7010824680328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5819945931434631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5099786520004272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5075870752334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.49513402581214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122413","display_name":"Computer-aided diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.45728299021720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.45691853761672974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.43940553069114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4244944751262665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163892561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2613728","display_name":"S\u00f8rensen\u2013Dice coefficient","level":4,"score":0.4168870449066162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.40200942754745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.37290722131729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3722553551197052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2360796332359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000071253","descriptor_name":"Metadata","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071253","descriptor_name":"Metadata","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071253","descriptor_name":"Metadata","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071253","descriptor_name":"Metadata","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007405","descriptor_name":"Intervertebral Disc Displacement","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007405","descriptor_name":"Intervertebral Disc Displacement","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007405","descriptor_name":"Intervertebral Disc Displacement","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007405","descriptor_name":"Intervertebral Disc Displacement","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2023.3294248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2023.3294248","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/42/4359023/10178079.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37432809","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37432809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2023.3294248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2023.3294248","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/42/4359023/10178079.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1350277329","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1909210","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1650911592","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172257","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383960237.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383960237.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W149757543","https://openalex.org/W948663339","https://openalex.org/W1898227994","https://openalex.org/W1982134316","https://openalex.org/W1986649315","https://openalex.org/W2078014989","https://openalex.org/W2151638304","https://openalex.org/W2237167366","https://openalex.org/W2394599079","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2607363228","https://openalex.org/W2611213375","https://openalex.org/W2623166637","https://openalex.org/W2739836671","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2764336842","https://openalex.org/W2766353760","https://openalex.org/W2782962239","https://openalex.org/W2884588972","https://openalex.org/W2885262262","https://openalex.org/W2897755679","https://openalex.org/W2900073519","https://openalex.org/W2902722609","https://openalex.org/W2963062226","https://openalex.org/W2968947655","https://openalex.org/W3006349040","https://openalex.org/W3025800305","https://openalex.org/W3034407705","https://openalex.org/W3094651761","https://openalex.org/W3100970563","https://openalex.org/W3104684223","https://openalex.org/W3113030399","https://openalex.org/W3120416533","https://openalex.org/W3126588155","https://openalex.org/W3129403424","https://openalex.org/W3130777809","https://openalex.org/W3133858468","https://openalex.org/W3135433242","https://openalex.org/W3138985726","https://openalex.org/W3163071387","https://openalex.org/W3164956625","https://openalex.org/W3176646790","https://openalex.org/W3184111456","https://openalex.org/W3205707234","https://openalex.org/W3205845559","https://openalex.org/W4200100865","https://openalex.org/W4200492002","https://openalex.org/W4323274166","https://openalex.org/W6720302132","https://openalex.org/W6748666111","https://openalex.org/W6754551840","https://openalex.org/W6795617598"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318751391","https://openalex.org/W4390398949","https://openalex.org/W2364404923","https://openalex.org/W2058718607","https://openalex.org/W4226506746","https://openalex.org/W2911949691","https://openalex.org/W2963251401","https://openalex.org/W2775019371","https://openalex.org/W3160804423","https://openalex.org/W4310607390"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computed":[0],"tomography":[1],"(CT)":[2],"images":[3],"are":[4],"the":[5,33,82,87,110,113,116,122,128,133,139,144,151,166,170,173,177,183,186,193,198,209,220,227,233,242],"most":[6],"commonly":[7],"used":[8],"radiographic":[9],"imaging":[10],"modality":[11],"for":[12],"detecting":[13],"and":[14,38,66,99,118,142,158,162,176,247],"diagnosing":[15],"lumbar":[16,26,221,229],"diseases.":[17],"Despite":[18],"many":[19],"outstanding":[20],"advances,":[21],"computer-aided":[22],"diagnosis":[23],"(CAD)":[24],"of":[25,35,61,86,90,96,112,121,185,211],"disc":[27,230],"disease":[28,223],"remains":[29],"challenging":[30],"due":[31],"to":[32,54,108,115,137,192,201],"complexity":[34],"pathological":[36],"abnormalities":[37],"poor":[39],"discrimination":[40],"between":[41],"different":[42,97],"lesions.":[43],"Therefore,":[44],"we":[45,126],"propose":[46,71,103],"a":[47,62,67,72,104],"Collaborative":[48],"Multi-Metadata":[49],"Fusion":[50,76],"classification":[51,68,167,174,224,239],"network":[52,59,88,114,196],"(CMMF-Net)":[53],"address":[55],"these":[56],"challenges.":[57],"The":[58,214,238],"consists":[60],"feature":[63,134,160,194],"selection":[64,135,195],"model":[65,136,171,204,215],"model.":[69],"We":[70,101,148],"novel":[73],"Multi-scale":[74],"Feature":[75],"(MFF)":[77],"module":[78],"that":[79],"can":[80],"improve":[81,109],"edge":[83],"learning":[84],"ability":[85],"region":[89],"interest":[91],"(ROI)":[92],"by":[93],"fusing":[94],"features":[95,146],"scales":[98],"dimensions.":[100],"also":[102],"new":[105],"loss":[106],"function":[107],"convergence":[111],"internal":[117],"external":[119],"edges":[120],"intervertebral":[123],"disc.":[124],"Subsequently,":[125],"use":[127],"ROI":[129],"bounding":[130],"box":[131],"from":[132],"crop":[138],"original":[140,187],"image":[141,188],"calculate":[143],"distance":[145,159],"matrix.":[147],"then":[149],"concatenate":[150],"cropped":[152],"CT":[153],"images,":[154],"multiscale":[155],"fusion":[156],"features,":[157],"matrices":[161],"input":[163],"them":[164],"into":[165],"network.":[168],"Next,":[169],"outputs":[172],"results":[175],"class":[178],"activation":[179],"map":[180],"(CAM).":[181],"Finally,":[182],"CAM":[184],"size":[189],"is":[190],"returned":[191],"during":[197],"upsampling":[199],"process":[200],"achieve":[202],"collaborative":[203],"training.":[205],"Extensive":[206],"experiments":[207],"demonstrate":[208],"effectiveness":[210],"our":[212],"method.":[213],"achieved":[216],"91.32%":[217],"accuracy":[218,240],"in":[219,241],"spine":[222],"task.":[225],"In":[226],"labelled":[228],"segmentation":[231],"task,":[232],"Dice":[234],"coefficient":[235],"reaches":[236,253],"94.39%.":[237],"Lung":[243],"Image":[244,248],"Database":[245,249],"Consortium":[246],"Resource":[250],"Initiative":[251],"(LIDC-IDRI)":[252],"91.82%.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}