{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4353004474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2023.3260169","title":"Less Is More: Unsupervised Mask-Guided Annotated CT Image Synthesis With Minimum Manual Segmentations","display_name":"Less Is More: Unsupervised Mask-Guided Annotated CT Image Synthesis With Minimum Manual Segmentations","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4353004474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2023.3260169","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37030699"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2023.3260169","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2023.3260169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047946782","display_name":"Xiaodan Xing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096640","display_name":"Royal Brompton Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv4n034","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800036501","https://openalex.org/I4210096640"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodan Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, U.K","Royal Brompton Hospital, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Brompton Hospital, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096640"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040046846","display_name":"Giorgos Papanastasiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1939-296X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giorgos Papanastasiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016194066","display_name":"Simon Walsh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0497-5297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096640","display_name":"Royal Brompton Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv4n034","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800036501","https://openalex.org/I4210096640"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Walsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, U.K","Royal Brompton Hospital, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Brompton Hospital, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096640"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436460","display_name":"Guang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7344-7733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096640","display_name":"Royal Brompton Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv4n034","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800036501","https://openalex.org/I4210096640"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, U.K","Royal Brompton Hospital, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7344-7733","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Brompton Hospital, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096640"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1272,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89322584,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"9","first_page":"2566","last_page":"2576"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7244246006011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7178938388824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6972460746765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-data","display_name":"Synthetic data","score":0.6048701405525208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5332403182983398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.4804398715496063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.47787800431251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.46249818801879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.43229204416275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-registration","display_name":"Image registration","score":0.4234815537929535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3188779354095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.2361389696598053}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7244246006011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7178938388824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6972460746765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.6048701405525208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5332403182983398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.4804398715496063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.47787800431251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.46249818801879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.43229204416275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166704113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861092","display_name":"Image registration","level":3,"score":0.4234815537929535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3188779354095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.2361389696598053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2023.3260169","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2023.3260169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37030699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37030699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/103572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/103572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2576","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1251990094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RDA01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336039","funder_display_name":"NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1342822775","display_name":"Rapid analysis of regional myocardial strain from accelerated velocity-encoded MRI data acquisition for early diagnosis of cardiac disease. ,","funder_award_id":"TG/18/5/34111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","funder_display_name":"British Heart Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2060262717","display_name":"Combined compressed sensing and super-resolution for 3D late enhancement imaging improves scar segmentation and quantification in atrial fibrillation","funder_award_id":"PG/16/78/32402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","funder_display_name":"British Heart Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G207202694","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MC_PC_21013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4674295743","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IEC/NSFC/211235","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","funder_display_name":"Royal Society"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7986630670","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"952172","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","display_name":"Nvidia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310441","display_name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","ror":"https://ror.org/00q32j219"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","display_name":"British Heart Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdwnk04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","display_name":"Royal Society","ror":"https://ror.org/03wnrjx87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336039","display_name":"NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01kmhx639"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1952469804","https://openalex.org/W1999478155","https://openalex.org/W2056370875","https://openalex.org/W2097073572","https://openalex.org/W2104125540","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2117201204","https://openalex.org/W2119531662","https://openalex.org/W2157444450","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2331128040","https://openalex.org/W2593768305","https://openalex.org/W2787241931","https://openalex.org/W2806051477","https://openalex.org/W2889197569","https://openalex.org/W2891706393","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963185411","https://openalex.org/W2963373786","https://openalex.org/W2963942586","https://openalex.org/W2982587597","https://openalex.org/W2994731719","https://openalex.org/W3026197769","https://openalex.org/W3035241330","https://openalex.org/W3035574324","https://openalex.org/W3054666633","https://openalex.org/W3103199493","https://openalex.org/W3167788848","https://openalex.org/W4223918756","https://openalex.org/W4283694737","https://openalex.org/W4299518610","https://openalex.org/W4301206121","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6640701333","https://openalex.org/W6682132143","https://openalex.org/W6683161245","https://openalex.org/W6702130928","https://openalex.org/W6718379498","https://openalex.org/W6748692255","https://openalex.org/W6751906703","https://openalex.org/W6765779288","https://openalex.org/W6839001699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381850946","https://openalex.org/W4377088509","https://openalex.org/W4384517922","https://openalex.org/W2471562626","https://openalex.org/W2461863667","https://openalex.org/W2295804706","https://openalex.org/W3168515805","https://openalex.org/W4376988852","https://openalex.org/W4296551294","https://openalex.org/W3101955189"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,114,141,153,168,176],"pragmatic":[2],"data":[3,6,103],"augmentation":[4],"tool,":[5],"synthesis":[7,50,225],"has":[8],"generally":[9],"returned":[10],"dividends":[11],"in":[12,109,167],"performance":[13],"for":[14,26,117],"deep":[15],"learning":[16],"based":[17,143],"medical":[18,28,38,118],"image":[19,83,119,210],"analysis.":[20],"However,":[21,54],"generating":[22],"corresponding":[23],"segmentation":[24,47,56,136,219],"masks":[25,48,166],"synthetic":[27,37,95,129,197,228],"images":[29,39,130,159,229],"is":[30],"laborious":[31],"and":[32,40,65,69,97,131,150,160,183,193,235],"subjective.":[33],"To":[34,105],"obtain":[35,127],"paired":[36],"segmentations,":[41],"conditional":[42,154],"generative":[43,58,155],"models":[44,59],"that":[45],"use":[46],"as":[49],"conditions":[51,89],"were":[52],"proposed.":[53],"these":[55,107],"mask-conditioned":[57],"still":[60],"relied":[61],"on":[62,76,203],"large,":[63],"varied,":[64],"labeled":[66],"training":[67],"datasets,":[68],"they":[70],"could":[71,90,207],"only":[72],"provide":[73],"limited":[74,134],"constraints":[75],"human":[77],"anatomical":[78],"structures,":[79],"leading":[80],"to":[81,126,145,157,189],"unrealistic":[82],"features.":[84],"Moreover,":[85],"the":[86,92,100,218],"invariant":[87],"pixel-level":[88],"reduce":[91,99],"variety":[93,194],"of":[94,102,196],"lesions":[96],"thus":[98],"efficacy":[101],"augmentation.":[104],"address":[106],"issues,":[108],"this":[110],"work,":[111],"we":[112,174,206],"propose":[113],"novel":[115],"strategy":[116],"synthesis,":[120,125,222],"namely":[121],"Unsupervised":[122],"Mask":[123],"(UM)-guided":[124],"both":[128,191],"segmentations":[132],"using":[133],"manual":[135],"labels.":[137],"We":[138],"first":[139],"develop":[140],"superpixel":[142],"algorithm":[144],"generate":[146],"unsupervised":[147,165],"structural":[148],"guidance":[149],"then":[151],"design":[152],"model":[156],"synthesize":[158],"annotations":[161],"simultaneously":[162],"from":[163],"those":[164],"semi-supervised":[169],"multi-task":[170,178,185],"setting.":[171],"In":[172],"addition,":[173],"devise":[175],"multi-scale":[177,184],"Fr\u00e9chet":[179],"Inception":[180],"Distance":[181],"(MM-FID)":[182],"standard":[186],"deviation":[187],"(MM-STD)":[188],"harness":[190],"fidelity":[192],"evaluations":[195],"CT":[198],"images.":[199],"With":[200],"multiple":[201],"analyses":[202],"different":[204],"scales,":[205],"produce":[208],"stable":[209],"quality":[211],"measurements":[212],"with":[213,217,230],"high":[214],"reproducibility.":[215],"Compared":[216],"mask":[220],"guided":[221],"our":[223],"UM-guided":[224],"provided":[226],"high-quality":[227],"significantly":[231],"higher":[232],"fidelity,":[233],"variety,":[234],"utility":[236],"(":[237],"by":[238],"Wilcoxon":[239],"Signed":[240],"Ranked":[241],"test).":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
