{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293811975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2022.3203237","title":"An Investigation of Stochastic Variance Reduction Algorithms for Relative Difference Penalized 3D PET Image Reconstruction","display_name":"An Investigation of Stochastic Variance Reduction Algorithms for Relative Difference Penalized 3D PET Image Reconstruction","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293811975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2022.3203237","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36044488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2022.3203237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2022.3203237","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/42/10003062/09872020.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/42/10003062/09872020.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040868757","display_name":"Robert Twyman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8871-9586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330665745","display_name":"Energy Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03fgcf430","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330665745"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Twyman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Nuclear Medicine, UCL, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8871-9586","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Nuclear Medicine, UCL, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330665745","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082445591","display_name":"Simon Arridge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1292-0210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144746","display_name":"The London College","ror":"https://ror.org/0546ajs61","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144746"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Arridge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, UCL, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1292-0210","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, UCL, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144746","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075218826","display_name":"\u017deljko Kereta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2805-0037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144746","display_name":"The London College","ror":"https://ror.org/0546ajs61","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144746"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeljko Kereta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, UCL, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, UCL, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144746","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039605463","display_name":"Bangti Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3775-9155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144746","display_name":"The London College","ror":"https://ror.org/0546ajs61","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144746"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bangti Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, UCL, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3775-9155","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, UCL, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144746","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053399112","display_name":"Ludovica Brusaferri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6475-2840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330665745","display_name":"Energy Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03fgcf430","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330665745"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127055","display_name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging","ror":"https://ror.org/032q5ym94","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ludovica Brusaferri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Nuclear Medicine, UCL, London, U.K","Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Nuclear Medicine, UCL, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330665745","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210127055"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059008417","display_name":"Sangtae Ahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-2607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134512","display_name":"GE Global Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03e06qt98","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangtae Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["GE Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-2607","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000434695","display_name":"C.W. Stearns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7074-6663"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles W. Stearns","raw_affiliation_strings":["GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016217712","display_name":"Brian F. Hutton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7481-0952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330665745","display_name":"Energy Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03fgcf430","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330665745"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian F. Hutton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Nuclear Medicine, UCL, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7481-0952","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Nuclear Medicine, UCL, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330665745","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040156033","display_name":"Irene A. Burger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8029-8692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100468","display_name":"University Hospital of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/01462r250","country_code":"CH","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irene A. Burger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Z&#x00FC;rich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8029-8692","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Z&#x00FC;rich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045688766","display_name":"Fotis A. Kotasidis","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fotis Kotasidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075569536","display_name":"Kris Thielemans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5514-199X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330665745","display_name":"Energy Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03fgcf430","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330665745"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kris Thielemans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Nuclear Medicine, UCL, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5514-199X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Nuclear Medicine, UCL, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330665745","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5614,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81990004,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"1","first_page":"29","last_page":"41"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.7298485636711121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance-reduction","display_name":"Variance reduction","score":0.6806199550628662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voxel","display_name":"Voxel","score":0.5875696539878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.518307626247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.516602635383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.49255165457725525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.4665643274784088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46615728735923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.4651637375354767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4541357159614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.44897499680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-of-convergence","display_name":"Rate of convergence","score":0.44444844126701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.4263521432876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.41316497325897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36808621883392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3671298027038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.22415196895599365}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.7298485636711121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62644790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454689","display_name":"Variance reduction","level":3,"score":0.6806199550628662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54170458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663554","display_name":"Voxel","level":2,"score":0.5875696539878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.518307626247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.516602635383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.49255165457725525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.4665643274784088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46615728735923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4651637375354767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4541357159614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.44897499680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57869625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783502","display_name":"Rate of convergence","level":3,"score":0.44444844126701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.4263521432876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.41316497325897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36808621883392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3671298027038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.22415196895599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049268","descriptor_name":"Positron-Emission Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049268","descriptor_name":"Positron-Emission Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049268","descriptor_name":"Positron-Emission Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2022.3203237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2022.3203237","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/42/10003062/09872020.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36044488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36044488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.zora.uzh.ch:252880","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401281","display_name":"Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","host_organization_name":"University of Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Twyman, Robert; Arridge, Simon; Kereta, Zeljko; Jin, Bangti; Brusaferri, Ludovica; Ahn, Sangtae; Stearns, Charles W; Hutton, Brian F; Burger, Irene A; Kotasidis, Fotis; Thielemans, Kris (2022). An Investigation of Stochastic Variance Reduction Algorithms for Relative Difference Penalized 3D PET Image Reconstruction. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 42(1):29-41.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.5167/uzh-252880","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-252880","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051291","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich, ZORA","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2022.3203237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2022.3203237","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/42/10003062/09872020.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2343787110","display_name":"Stochastic iterative regularization: theory, algorithms and applications","funder_award_id":"EP/T000864/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2543385244","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T000864/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3219874498","display_name":"A framework for efficient synergistic spatiotemporal reconstruction of PET-MR dynamic data","funder_award_id":"EP/P022200/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4091694712","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K005278/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4884426978","display_name":"EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Intelligent, Integrated Imaging In Healthcare (i4health)","funder_award_id":"EP/S021930/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5195942913","display_name":"CCP in Synergistic Reconstruction for Biomedical Imaging","funder_award_id":"EP/T026693/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5224950924","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P022200/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6479250449","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T026693/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8600341190","display_name":"Exploiting the unique quantitative capabilities offered by simultaneous PET/MRI","funder_award_id":"EP/K005278/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307759","display_name":"General Electric","ror":"https://ror.org/013msgt25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320286","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325311","display_name":"University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/042fqyp44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293811975.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293811975.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970453159","https://openalex.org/W1983281817","https://openalex.org/W2005830269","https://openalex.org/W2021594562","https://openalex.org/W2032237670","https://openalex.org/W2048417186","https://openalex.org/W2051669046","https://openalex.org/W2068369256","https://openalex.org/W2069629287","https://openalex.org/W2080500950","https://openalex.org/W2088783247","https://openalex.org/W2092663520","https://openalex.org/W2093283732","https://openalex.org/W2105282068","https://openalex.org/W2105875671","https://openalex.org/W2109812509","https://openalex.org/W2116085429","https://openalex.org/W2124892246","https://openalex.org/W2128456478","https://openalex.org/W2130217200","https://openalex.org/W2135294617","https://openalex.org/W2135468550","https://openalex.org/W2154744699","https://openalex.org/W2161249702","https://openalex.org/W2221881442","https://openalex.org/W2539988216","https://openalex.org/W2625685405","https://openalex.org/W2749551990","https://openalex.org/W2765232567","https://openalex.org/W2765656669","https://openalex.org/W2776756710","https://openalex.org/W2888335855","https://openalex.org/W2903184369","https://openalex.org/W2944041008","https://openalex.org/W2945940687","https://openalex.org/W2963156201","https://openalex.org/W2963433607","https://openalex.org/W2963941964","https://openalex.org/W3007920460","https://openalex.org/W3016018838","https://openalex.org/W3080537213","https://openalex.org/W3096562082","https://openalex.org/W3104999358","https://openalex.org/W3195457248","https://openalex.org/W3204146714","https://openalex.org/W4281250863","https://openalex.org/W4295035325","https://openalex.org/W4301014524","https://openalex.org/W6635325158","https://openalex.org/W6640590530","https://openalex.org/W6675672627","https://openalex.org/W6675761068","https://openalex.org/W6676105031","https://openalex.org/W6680196509","https://openalex.org/W6705002163","https://openalex.org/W6734509502","https://openalex.org/W6774070715","https://openalex.org/W6873446829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2757389719","https://openalex.org/W2951714568","https://openalex.org/W1963814553","https://openalex.org/W2037595954","https://openalex.org/W1988158806","https://openalex.org/W2507293823","https://openalex.org/W2386146599","https://openalex.org/W2018015402","https://openalex.org/W2144778520","https://openalex.org/W2801815023"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Penalised":[0],"PET":[1,90,150],"image":[2,65,91],"reconstruction":[3,92],"algorithms":[4,43,88,108,114],"are":[5,126,199],"often":[6],"accelerated":[7],"during":[8],"early":[9],"iterations":[10,26],"with":[11],"the":[12,45,54,61,64,76,94,116,155,166,174,219],"use":[13],"of":[14,41,47,57,63,80,83,120,154,157,168,170],"subsets.":[15,31],"However,":[16],"these":[17,42],"methods":[18,164],"may":[19],"exhibit":[20],"limit":[21],"cycle":[22],"behaviour":[23],"at":[24],"later":[25],"due":[27],"to":[28,103,218],"variations":[29,191],"between":[30,195],"Desirable":[32],"converged":[33],"images":[34,176],"can":[35,214],"be":[36],"achieved":[37],"for":[38,89,147],"a":[39,48,81,143],"subclass":[40],"via":[44],"implementation":[46],"relaxed":[49],"step":[50,162,203],"size":[51,163,204],"sequence,":[52],"but":[53],"heuristic":[55],"selection":[56,206],"parameters":[58],"will":[59],"impact":[60,153],"quality":[62],"sequence":[66],"and":[67,78,98,111,142,161,187,198,212],"algorithm":[68],"convergence":[69,101,167],"rates.":[70],"In":[71],"this":[72],"work,":[73],"we":[74],"demonstrate":[75,189],"adaption":[77],"application":[79],"class":[82],"stochastic":[84],"variance":[85],"reduction":[86],"gradient":[87],"using":[93,183],"relative":[95],"difference":[96],"penalty":[97],"numerically":[99],"compare":[100],"performance":[102],"BSREM.":[104],"The":[105,152],"two":[106],"investigated":[107],"are:":[109],"SAGA":[110,186,211],"SVRG.":[112],"These":[113],"require":[115],"retention":[117],"in":[118,128,192,227],"memory":[119],"recently":[121],"computed":[122],"subset":[123],"gradients,":[124],"which":[125],"utilised":[127],"subsequent":[129,196],"updates.":[130],"We":[131,179],"present":[132],"several":[133],"numerical":[134],"studies":[135],"based":[136],"on":[137,165,202],"Monte":[138],"Carlo":[139],"simulated":[140],"data":[141,145],"patient":[144],"set":[146],"fully":[148],"3D":[149],"acquisitions.":[151],"number":[156],"subsets,":[158],"different":[159],"preconditioners":[160],"regions":[169],"interest":[171],"values":[172,194],"within":[173],"reconstructed":[175],"is":[177],"explored.":[178],"observe":[180],"that":[181],"when":[182],"constant":[184],"preconditioning,":[185],"SVRG":[188,213],"reduced":[190],"voxel":[193],"updates":[197],"less":[200],"reliant":[201],"hyper-parameter":[205],"than":[207,224],"BSREM":[208],"reconstructions.":[209],"Furthermore,":[210],"converge":[215],"significantly":[216],"faster":[217],"penalised":[220],"maximum":[221],"likelihood":[222],"solution":[223],"BSREM,":[225],"particularly":[226],"low":[228],"count":[229],"data.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
