{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3184059433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2021.3099509","title":"Fast and Accurate Craniomaxillofacial Landmark Detection via 3D Faster R-CNN","display_name":"Fast and Accurate Craniomaxillofacial Landmark Detection via 3D Faster R-CNN","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3184059433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2021.3099509","mag":"3184059433","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34310293"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2021.3099509","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2021.3099509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8686670","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073983906","display_name":"Xiaoyang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2390-9797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077300873","display_name":"Chunfeng Lian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9319-6633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166946","display_name":"Imaging Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05hsqsk33","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunfeng Lian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and the Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and the Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I4210166946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000641105","display_name":"Han Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9363-1722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109259","display_name":"Methodist Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01r5p9y80","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802827176","https://openalex.org/I4210109259"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannah H. Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109259"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012191313","display_name":"Tianshu Kuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9439-464X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109259","display_name":"Methodist Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01r5p9y80","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802827176","https://openalex.org/I4210109259"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianshu Kuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109259"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083020224","display_name":"Hung\u2010Ying Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3699-4516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109259","display_name":"Methodist Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01r5p9y80","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802827176","https://openalex.org/I4210109259"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131804","display_name":"National Taiwan University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03nteze27","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131804"]}],"countries":["TW","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hung-Ying Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA","Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109259"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012191915","display_name":"Deqiang Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7478-1394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166946","display_name":"Imaging Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05hsqsk33","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deqiang Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and the Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and the Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I4210166946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054315643","display_name":"Jaime Gate\u00f1o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7597-6433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109259","display_name":"Methodist Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01r5p9y80","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802827176","https://openalex.org/I4210109259"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaime Gateno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA","Department of Surgery (Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery), Weill Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109259"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery (Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery), Weill Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000937401","display_name":"Dinggang Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7934-5698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166946","display_name":"Imaging Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05hsqsk33","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinggang Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and the Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and the Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I4210166946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023955845","display_name":"James J. Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1386-0221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109259","display_name":"Methodist Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01r5p9y80","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802827176","https://openalex.org/I4210109259"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James J. Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA","Department of Surgery (Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery), Weill Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109259"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery (Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery), Weill Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015071060","display_name":"Pew\u2010Thian Yap","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1489-2102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166946","display_name":"Imaging Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05hsqsk33","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pew-Thian Yap","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and the Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and the Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I4210166946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073983906"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.9134,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98333914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"12","first_page":"3867","last_page":"3878"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11562","display_name":"Facial Trauma and Fracture Management","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmark","display_name":"Landmark","score":0.9705085754394531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7783068418502808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7229773998260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6651741862297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cone-beam-computed-tomography","display_name":"Cone beam computed tomography","score":0.5535915493965149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4764443039894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.45316165685653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.41762399673461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computed-tomography","display_name":"Computed tomography","score":0.40367382764816284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23311492800712585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.9705085754394531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7783068418502808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7229773998260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6651741862297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779813781","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1224951","display_name":"Cone beam computed tomography","level":3,"score":0.5535915493965149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4764443039894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.45316165685653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.41762399673461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544519230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32566","display_name":"Computed tomography","level":2,"score":0.40367382764816284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23311492800712585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054893","descriptor_name":"Cone-Beam Computed Tomography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054893","descriptor_name":"Cone-Beam Computed Tomography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054893","descriptor_name":"Cone-Beam Computed Tomography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054893","descriptor_name":"Cone-Beam Computed Tomography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2021.3099509","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2021.3099509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34310293","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34310293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8686670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8686670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8686670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8686670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2974695197","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 DE021863","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4548138708","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 DE027251","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6861935656","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 DE022676","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W602397586","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1177578751","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2022377584","https://openalex.org/W2022693776","https://openalex.org/W2065698093","https://openalex.org/W2126809447","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2196685197","https://openalex.org/W2286202077","https://openalex.org/W2344837593","https://openalex.org/W2399244897","https://openalex.org/W2502312327","https://openalex.org/W2509481584","https://openalex.org/W2520402508","https://openalex.org/W2525974879","https://openalex.org/W2526653212","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2591845144","https://openalex.org/W2606941820","https://openalex.org/W2608173620","https://openalex.org/W2747433482","https://openalex.org/W2752415006","https://openalex.org/W2759567658","https://openalex.org/W2771590529","https://openalex.org/W2809133690","https://openalex.org/W2896145365","https://openalex.org/W2903819949","https://openalex.org/W2912564039","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2964241181","https://openalex.org/W2979437258","https://openalex.org/W2979784156","https://openalex.org/W3026219469","https://openalex.org/W3042178342","https://openalex.org/W3102651517","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6724804524","https://openalex.org/W6785652829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056853153","https://openalex.org/W2057559274","https://openalex.org/W2026924879","https://openalex.org/W2005087563","https://openalex.org/W2378111931","https://openalex.org/W2052388267","https://openalex.org/W2950647290","https://openalex.org/W4293073787","https://openalex.org/W2768843469","https://openalex.org/W2614950993"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"craniomaxillofacial":[1],"(CMF)":[2],"landmark":[3,91,128,155],"localization":[4],"from":[5,135,151],"cone-beam":[6],"computed":[7],"tomography":[8],"(CBCT)":[9],"images":[10,22,36,81,138,179],"is":[11,105],"challenging,":[12],"considering":[13],"that":[14,82,185],"1)":[15],"the":[16,21,34,90,118,122,126,136,147,153,162],"number":[17],"of":[18,86,121,149,176,191,199],"landmarks":[19,77,170],"in":[20,38,64,78,112,195],"may":[23],"change":[24],"due":[25],"to":[26,55,74,95,107,142,168],"varying":[27,84],"deformities":[28],"and":[29,32,62,139],"traumatic":[30],"defects,":[31],"2)":[33],"CBCT":[35,80,178],"used":[37],"clinical":[39,174],"practice":[40],"are":[41,157],"typically":[42],"large.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"we":[47,67,130],"propose":[48],"a":[49,70,96,143,172],"two-stage,":[50],"coarse-to-fine":[51],"deep":[52],"learning":[53],"method":[54],"tackle":[56],"these":[57],"challenges":[58],"with":[59,115,180],"both":[60],"speed":[61],"accuracy":[63,190],"mind.":[65],"Specifically,":[66],"first":[68],"use":[69],"3D":[71,102,133],"faster":[72,103],"R-CNN":[73,104],"roughly":[75],"locate":[76],"down-sampled":[79],"have":[83],"numbers":[85],"landmarks.":[87,123],"By":[88],"converting":[89],"point":[92],"detection":[93,99],"problem":[94],"generic":[97],"object":[98],"problem,":[100],"our":[101,186],"formulated":[106],"detect":[108],"virtual,":[109],"fixed-size":[110],"objects":[111],"small":[113],"boxes":[114],"centers":[116],"indicating":[117],"approximate":[119],"locations":[120,156],"Based":[124],"on":[125,171],"rough":[127],"locations,":[129],"then":[131],"crop":[132],"patches":[134],"high-resolution":[137],"send":[140],"them":[141],"multi-scale":[144],"UNet":[145],"for":[146],"regression":[148],"heatmaps,":[150],"which":[152],"refined":[154],"finally":[158],"derived.":[159],"We":[160],"evaluated":[161],"proposed":[163],"approach":[164,187],"by":[165],"detecting":[166],"up":[167],"18":[169],"real":[173],"dataset":[175],"CMF":[177],"various":[181],"conditions.":[182],"Experiments":[183],"show":[184],"achieves":[188],"state-of-the-art":[189],"0.89":[192],"\u00b1":[193],"0.64mm":[194],"an":[196],"average":[197],"time":[198],"26.2":[200],"seconds":[201],"per":[202],"volume.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}