{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3181988912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2021.3097665","title":"Lung Nodule Malignancy Prediction in Sequential CT Scans: Summary of ISBI 2018 Challenge","display_name":"Lung Nodule Malignancy Prediction in Sequential CT Scans: Summary of ISBI 2018 Challenge","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3181988912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2021.3097665","mag":"3181988912","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34264825"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2021.3097665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2021.3097665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9531053","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004434800","display_name":"Yoganand Balagurunathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5598-4727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019308854","display_name":"Moffitt Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01xf75524","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019308854"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoganand Balagurunathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Machine Learning, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center (MCC) and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5598-4727","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Machine Learning, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center (MCC) and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019308854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003185083","display_name":"Andrew Beers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9085-6412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Beers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090594327","display_name":"Michael F. McNitt\u2010Gray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3004-4613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Mcnitt-Gray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thoracic Imaging Section, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3004-4613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thoracic Imaging Section, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087281080","display_name":"Lubomir M. Hadjiiski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2069-8066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lubomir Hadjiiski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Michigan (UMICH), Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Michigan (UMICH), Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056555647","display_name":"Sandy Napel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6876-5507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandy Napel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University (SU), Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6876-5507","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University (SU), Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053211631","display_name":"Dmitry B. Goldgof","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5461-863X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmitry Goldgof","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of South Florida (USF), Tampa, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5461-863X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of South Florida (USF), Tampa, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075962093","display_name":"Gustavo P\u00e9rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-8075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162096671","display_name":"Universidad de Los Andes","ror":"https://ror.org/02mhbdp94","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162096671"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["CO","ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gustavo Perez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Computer Vision Laboratory (BCV), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia","Physense, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-8075","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Computer Vision Laboratory (BCV), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162096671"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physense, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013512298","display_name":"Pablo Arbel\u00e1ez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5244-2407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162096671","display_name":"Universidad de Los Andes","ror":"https://ror.org/02mhbdp94","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162096671"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Arbelaez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Computer Vision Laboratory (BCV), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5244-2407","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Computer Vision Laboratory (BCV), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162096671"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042730944","display_name":"Alireza Mehrtash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3703-5330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800492654","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03w44ff23","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800492654"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Mehrtash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Robotics and Control Laboratory (RCL), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","Department of Radiology, Surgical Planning Laboratory (SPL), Brigham and Women\u2019s Faulkner Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","Department of Radiology, Surgical Planning Laboratory (SPL), Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3703-5330","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Robotics and Control Laboratory (RCL), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Surgical Planning Laboratory (SPL), Brigham and Women\u2019s Faulkner Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800492654"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Surgical Planning Laboratory (SPL), Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800492654"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091681491","display_name":"Tina Kapur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3646-9508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800492654","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03w44ff23","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800492654"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tina Kapur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Surgical Planning Laboratory (SPL), Brigham and Women\u2019s Faulkner Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","Department of Radiology, Surgical Planning Laboratory (SPL), Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3646-9508","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Surgical Planning Laboratory (SPL), Brigham and Women\u2019s Faulkner Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800492654"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Surgical Planning Laboratory (SPL), Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800492654"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043897361","display_name":"Ehwa Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehwa Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034032304","display_name":"Jung Won Moon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7444-0709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087913","display_name":"Seoul Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/002nav185","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801402630","https://openalex.org/I4210087913"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung Won Moon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Medical Imaging and Intervention Center, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Medical Imaging and Intervention Center, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087913"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020538248","display_name":"Gabriel Bernardino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8741-2566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162096671","display_name":"Universidad de Los Andes","ror":"https://ror.org/02mhbdp94","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162096671"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["CO","ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Bernardino Perez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Computer Vision Laboratory (BCV), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia","Physense, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Computer Vision Laboratory (BCV), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162096671"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physense, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015631143","display_name":"Ricard Delgado-Gonzalo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7183-6257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135218257","display_name":"Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/05nrrsx06","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135218257"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricard Delgado-Gonzalo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Suisse d\u2019\u00c9lectronique et de Microtechnique, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland","Centre Suisse d'\u00c9lectronique et de Microtechnique, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7183-6257","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Suisse d\u2019\u00c9lectronique et de Microtechnique, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135218257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Suisse d'\u00c9lectronique et de Microtechnique, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135218257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050183993","display_name":"Mohammad Mehdi Farhangi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3833-6696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Mehdi Farhangi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA","Medical Imaging Laboratory, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Imaging Laboratory, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005411439","display_name":"Amir A. Amini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9698-8989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir A. Amini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA","Medical Imaging Laboratory, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9698-8989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Imaging Laboratory, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083225492","display_name":"Renkun Ni","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renkun Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Springbok Inc., Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Springbok Inc., Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056393696","display_name":"Xue Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2181-9889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","Springbok Inc., Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2181-9889","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Springbok Inc., Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071979034","display_name":"Aditya Bagari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2649-3734"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aditya Bagari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Predible Health Inc., Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Predible Health Inc., Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112182345","display_name":"Kiran Vaidhya","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiran Vaidhya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Predible Health Inc., Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Predible Health Inc., Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036581178","display_name":"Benjamin Veasey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Veasey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA","Medical Imaging Laboratory, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7012-4493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Imaging Laboratory, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056041132","display_name":"Wiem Safta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wiem Safta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044691751","display_name":"Hichem Frigui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-1629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hichem Frigui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009775628","display_name":"Joseph Enguehard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1648-3356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288882113","display_name":"Boston Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00dvg7y05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Enguehard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058812679","display_name":"Ali Gholipour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7699-4564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288882113","display_name":"Boston Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00dvg7y05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Gholipour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7699-4564","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033304325","display_name":"Laura Silvana Castillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8835-3585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162096671","display_name":"Universidad de Los Andes","ror":"https://ror.org/02mhbdp94","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162096671"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Silvana Castillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162096671"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088988977","display_name":"Laura Daza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4170-6168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162096671","display_name":"Universidad de Los Andes","ror":"https://ror.org/02mhbdp94","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162096671"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Alexandra Daza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162096671"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053628150","display_name":"Paul F. Pinsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0350-3282"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Pinsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Cancer Prevention, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Cancer Prevention, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039535916","display_name":"Jayashree Kalpathy\u2013Cramer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8906-9618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030981069","display_name":"Keyvan Farahani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2111-1896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140884","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keyvan Farahani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":30,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6454,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94007023,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"12","first_page":"3748","last_page":"3761"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malignancy","display_name":"Malignancy","score":0.7746561169624329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.7711983919143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-cancer","display_name":"Lung cancer","score":0.7676485776901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-cancer-screening","display_name":"Lung cancer screening","score":0.6703834533691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nodule","display_name":"Nodule (geology)","score":0.6232747435569763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.5726425051689148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-lung-screening-trial","display_name":"National Lung Screening Trial","score":0.5639692544937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.5433429479598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-diagnosis","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","score":0.47813642024993896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung","display_name":"Lung","score":0.42575889825820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bonferroni-correction","display_name":"Bonferroni correction","score":0.41591233015060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oncology","display_name":"Oncology","score":0.22432667016983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.211991548538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1241128146648407}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779399171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483951","display_name":"Malignancy","level":2,"score":0.7746561169624329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7711983919143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776256026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47912","display_name":"Lung cancer","level":2,"score":0.7676485776901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777405583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6704277","display_name":"Lung cancer screening","level":3,"score":0.6703834533691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776731575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916245","display_name":"Nodule (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6232747435569763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.5726425051689148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778321237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17125886","display_name":"National Lung Screening Trial","level":4,"score":0.5639692544937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.5433429479598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.47813642024993896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.42575889825820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127808970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385989","display_name":"Bonferroni correction","level":2,"score":0.41591233015060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.22432667016983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.211991548538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1241128146648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003074","descriptor_name":"Solitary Pulmonary Nodule","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003074","descriptor_name":"Solitary Pulmonary Nodule","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003074","descriptor_name":"Solitary Pulmonary Nodule","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2021.3097665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2021.3097665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34264825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34264825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:ark:/13030/qt6td8t5pz","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6td8t5pz","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6td8t5pz","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol 40, iss 12","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9531053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9531053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9531053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9531053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1267726076","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01-CA200464","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8728672285","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01CA143062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46659105","https://openalex.org/W130099911","https://openalex.org/W1213336605","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1925282974","https://openalex.org/W1941378052","https://openalex.org/W1986649315","https://openalex.org/W2009911194","https://openalex.org/W2010507734","https://openalex.org/W2011610426","https://openalex.org/W2014103815","https://openalex.org/W2019607817","https://openalex.org/W2022316296","https://openalex.org/W2045898750","https://openalex.org/W2049013464","https://openalex.org/W2066389716","https://openalex.org/W2071698610","https://openalex.org/W2100128827","https://openalex.org/W2103004421","https://openalex.org/W2114175038","https://openalex.org/W2116616871","https://openalex.org/W2123685758","https://openalex.org/W2135003422","https://openalex.org/W2136463728","https://openalex.org/W2139277921","https://openalex.org/W2153611465","https://openalex.org/W2158303110","https://openalex.org/W2164160732","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2264807809","https://openalex.org/W2295457340","https://openalex.org/W2328176404","https://openalex.org/W2410984914","https://openalex.org/W2482351703","https://openalex.org/W2508069933","https://openalex.org/W2523726602","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2552342083","https://openalex.org/W2561512519","https://openalex.org/W2584017349","https://openalex.org/W2586281702","https://openalex.org/W2590915453","https://openalex.org/W2594518218","https://openalex.org/W2596686700","https://openalex.org/W2620557081","https://openalex.org/W2745392399","https://openalex.org/W2747530723","https://openalex.org/W2763267787","https://openalex.org/W2766668723","https://openalex.org/W2767128594","https://openalex.org/W2767381938","https://openalex.org/W2777420618","https://openalex.org/W2781525129","https://openalex.org/W2787015083","https://openalex.org/W2790706348","https://openalex.org/W2803760365","https://openalex.org/W2804047627","https://openalex.org/W2810851093","https://openalex.org/W2902154261","https://openalex.org/W2903150666","https://openalex.org/W2904258904","https://openalex.org/W2907434209","https://openalex.org/W2931693521","https://openalex.org/W2936111010","https://openalex.org/W2946185430","https://openalex.org/W2947263797","https://openalex.org/W2948864380","https://openalex.org/W2951970255","https://openalex.org/W2954500503","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W3003415550","https://openalex.org/W3010735150","https://openalex.org/W3027487727","https://openalex.org/W3033374393","https://openalex.org/W3037557326","https://openalex.org/W3044088237","https://openalex.org/W3085389083","https://openalex.org/W3086667591","https://openalex.org/W3137165523","https://openalex.org/W3143784018","https://openalex.org/W4244879014","https://openalex.org/W6602002561","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6687483927"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2898433158","https://openalex.org/W2103348420","https://openalex.org/W2016169004","https://openalex.org/W2774407729","https://openalex.org/W2004892247","https://openalex.org/W2183178428","https://openalex.org/W2954956480","https://openalex.org/W2165697459","https://openalex.org/W3121143827","https://openalex.org/W2078592703"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lung":[0,65,115],"cancer":[1,9,30],"is":[2,53],"by":[3,71,158,179],"far":[4],"the":[5,12,18,75,80,87,113,133,144,147,162,180],"leading":[6],"cause":[7],"of":[8,20,42,79,89,107,153],"death":[10],"in":[11,27,112,188],"US.":[13],"Recent":[14],"studies":[15],"have":[16],"demonstrated":[17],"effectiveness":[19],"screening":[21,97],"using":[22,99],"low":[23,48],"dose":[24],"CT":[25],"(LDCT)":[26],"reducing":[28],"lung":[29,34,90],"related":[31],"mortality.":[32],"While":[33],"nodules":[35],"are":[36],"detected":[37],"with":[38,170,175,232],"a":[39,47,72,105,189,226],"high":[40],"rate":[41,50],"sensitivity,":[43],"this":[44],"exam":[45],"has":[46],"specificity":[49],"and":[51,59,118,132],"it":[52],"still":[54],"difficult":[55],"to":[56,196],"separate":[57],"benign":[58],"malignant":[60],"lesions.":[61],"The":[62,165,198,213],"ISBI":[63],"2018":[64],"Nodule":[66],"Malignancy":[67],"Prediction":[68],"Challenge,":[69],"developed":[70],"team":[73],"from":[74,93,124,194,221,225],"Quantitative":[76],"Imaging":[77],"Network":[78],"National":[81,114],"Cancer":[82],"Institute,":[83],"was":[84,135],"focused":[85],"on":[86,143,161],"prediction":[88],"nodule":[91],"malignancy":[92,155],"two":[94],"sequential":[95],"LDCT":[96],"exams":[98],"automated":[100],"(non-manual)":[101],"algorithms.":[102],"We":[103],"curated":[104],"cohort":[106],"100":[108],"subjects":[109,126],"who":[110],"participated":[111],"Screening":[116],"Trial":[117],"had":[119,167],"established":[120],"pathological":[121],"diagnoses.":[122],"Data":[123],"30":[125],"were":[127,140],"randomly":[128],"selected":[129],"for":[130,137],"training":[131],"remaining":[134],"used":[136,184,202],"testing.":[138],"Participants":[139,183],"evaluated":[141],"based":[142],"area":[145],"under":[146],"receiver":[148],"operating":[149],"characteristic":[150],"curve":[151],"(AUC)":[152],"nodule-wise":[154],"scores":[156],"generated":[157],"their":[159],"algorithms":[160],"test":[163,191],"set.":[164],"challenge":[166,181],"17":[168],"participants,":[169],"11":[171],"teams":[172],"submitting":[173],"reports":[174],"method":[176],"description,":[177],"mandated":[178],"rules.":[182],"quantitative":[185],"methods,":[186],"resulting":[187],"reporting":[190,206],"AUC":[192,208],"ranging":[193],"0.698":[195],"0.913.":[197],"top":[199],"five":[200],"contestants":[201],"deep":[203],"learning":[204],"approaches,":[205],"an":[207],"between":[209],"0.87":[210],"-":[211],"0.91.":[212],"team's":[214],"predictor":[215],"did":[216],"not":[217],"achieve":[218],"significant":[219],"differences":[220],"each":[222],"other":[223],"nor":[224],"volume":[227],"change":[228],"estimate":[229],"(p":[230],"=.05":[231],"Bonferroni-Holm's":[233],"correction).":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
