{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3203546474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2021.3089292","title":"Guest Editorial Annotation-Efficient Deep Learning: The Holy Grail of Medical Imaging","display_name":"Guest Editorial Annotation-Efficient Deep Learning: The Holy Grail of Medical Imaging","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3203546474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2021.3089292","mag":"3203546474","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34795461"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2021.3089292","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2021.3089292","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/42/9552972/09552974.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"editorial","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/42/9552972/09552974.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011019569","display_name":"Nima Tajbakhsh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8614-4811"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nima Tajbakhsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["VoxelCloud, Inc., Los Angeles, USA","VoxelCloud, Inc, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VoxelCloud, Inc., Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VoxelCloud, Inc, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043710204","display_name":"Holger R. Roth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3662-8743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Holger Roth","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA","NVIDIA, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034397232","display_name":"Demetri Terzopoulos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Demetri Terzopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, and VoxelCloud, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA","Computer Science Department University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","VoxelCloud, Inc, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, and VoxelCloud, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VoxelCloud, Inc, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040454904","display_name":"Jianming Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5486-1613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianming Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, USA","Biomedical Informatics Program Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5486-1613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Informatics Program Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"10","first_page":"2526","last_page":"2533"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.8044725656509399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7213202714920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.7155932784080505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6647400856018066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.660711944103241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/holy-grail","display_name":"Holy Grail","score":0.6325783133506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5093413591384888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.42990541458129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09907552599906921}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.8044725656509399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7213202714920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.7155932784080505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6647400856018066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.660711944103241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781270358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5885594","display_name":"Holy Grail","level":2,"score":0.6325783133506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5093413591384888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.42990541458129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09907552599906921}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2021.3089292","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2021.3089292","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/42/9552972/09552974.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34795461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34795461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8594751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8594751","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2021.3089292","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2021.3089292","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/42/9552972/09552974.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2427311617","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 HL128785","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5314066654","display_name":"Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism","funder_award_id":"5r01hl128785-04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3203546474.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3203546474.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1997783035","https://openalex.org/W2223737960","https://openalex.org/W2253429366","https://openalex.org/W2273897973","https://openalex.org/W2285968993","https://openalex.org/W2346062110","https://openalex.org/W2475079525","https://openalex.org/W2581572718","https://openalex.org/W2611650229","https://openalex.org/W2750023899","https://openalex.org/W2785325870","https://openalex.org/W2884436604","https://openalex.org/W2900225670","https://openalex.org/W2908201961","https://openalex.org/W2963420272","https://openalex.org/W2964744899","https://openalex.org/W2966744887","https://openalex.org/W2979708377","https://openalex.org/W2981988113","https://openalex.org/W2996290406","https://openalex.org/W3005680577","https://openalex.org/W3012501605","https://openalex.org/W3016836174","https://openalex.org/W3025192463","https://openalex.org/W3026182744","https://openalex.org/W3026420023","https://openalex.org/W3036683109","https://openalex.org/W3047142913","https://openalex.org/W3086590218","https://openalex.org/W3088389048","https://openalex.org/W3093049763","https://openalex.org/W3101156210","https://openalex.org/W3103200644","https://openalex.org/W3112707144","https://openalex.org/W3113367126","https://openalex.org/W3113432628","https://openalex.org/W3114427142","https://openalex.org/W3116157532","https://openalex.org/W3116656768","https://openalex.org/W3116982717","https://openalex.org/W3117221381","https://openalex.org/W3117626355","https://openalex.org/W3117686595","https://openalex.org/W3118177885","https://openalex.org/W3119639969","https://openalex.org/W3120324839","https://openalex.org/W3121017144","https://openalex.org/W3121738311","https://openalex.org/W3122718941","https://openalex.org/W3125172651","https://openalex.org/W3126212240","https://openalex.org/W3126718515","https://openalex.org/W3126778796","https://openalex.org/W3127057363","https://openalex.org/W3128179959","https://openalex.org/W3128210037","https://openalex.org/W3128821554","https://openalex.org/W3129604848","https://openalex.org/W3129875423","https://openalex.org/W3131362130","https://openalex.org/W3132455321","https://openalex.org/W3133046700","https://openalex.org/W3133516013","https://openalex.org/W3138558221","https://openalex.org/W3145444543","https://openalex.org/W3159481202","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6747899497","https://openalex.org/W6766943809","https://openalex.org/W6774314701","https://openalex.org/W6779998892","https://openalex.org/W6780347911","https://openalex.org/W6793164127","https://openalex.org/W6794655914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312105976","https://openalex.org/W2361861616","https://openalex.org/W2263699433","https://openalex.org/W2377979023","https://openalex.org/W2218034408","https://openalex.org/W4380075502","https://openalex.org/W3024479225","https://openalex.org/W3171371563","https://openalex.org/W2995680918","https://openalex.org/W3003847115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Annotation-efficient":[0],"deep":[1,11,84],"learning":[2,12,85],"refers":[3],"to":[4,40,62,81,87],"methods":[5],"and":[6,55,76,89],"practices":[7],"that":[8],"yield":[9],"high-performance":[10],"models":[13,86],"without":[14],"the":[15,30,48],"use":[16],"of":[17,50],"massive":[18],"carefully":[19],"labeled":[20],"training":[21],"datasets.":[22],"This":[23],"paradigm":[24],"has":[25],"recently":[26],"attracted":[27],"attention":[28],"from":[29,66],"medical":[31,44,67,73],"imaging":[32,45,51,53,74],"research":[33],"community":[34],"because":[35],"(1)":[36],"it":[37,59,78],"is":[38,60,79],"difficult":[39],"collect":[41],"large,":[42],"representative":[43],"datasets":[46],"given":[47],"diversity":[49],"protocols,":[52],"devices,":[54],"patient":[56],"populations,":[57],"(2)":[58],"expensive":[61],"acquire":[63],"accurate":[64],"annotations":[65],"experts":[68],"even":[69],"for":[70],"moderately":[71],"sized":[72],"datasets,":[75],"(3)":[77],"infeasible":[80],"adapt":[82],"data-hungry":[83],"detect":[88],"diagnose":[90],"rare":[91],"diseases":[92],"whose":[93],"low":[94],"prevalence":[95],"hinders":[96],"data":[97],"collection.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
