{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3129875423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2021.3060634","title":"Transferable Visual Words: Exploiting the Semantics of Anatomical Patterns for Self-Supervised Learning","display_name":"Transferable Visual Words: Exploiting the Semantics of Anatomical Patterns for Self-Supervised Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3129875423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2021.3060634","mag":"3129875423","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33617450"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2021.3060634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2021.3060634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8516596","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040299490","display_name":"Fatemeh Haghighi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-3024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fatemeh Haghighi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088303506","display_name":"Mohammad Reza Hosseinzadeh Taher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2228-5898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Reza Hosseinzadeh Taher","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084104975","display_name":"Zongwei Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3154-9851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongwei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048713371","display_name":"Michael B. Gotway","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7090-3825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125099","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03jp40720","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210125099"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael B. Gotway","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiology Department, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiology Department, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125099"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040454904","display_name":"Jianming Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5486-1613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianming Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040299490"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.4216,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":133,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98637091,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"10","first_page":"2857","last_page":"2868"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8010504841804504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6893160343170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.6858304738998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.6648297905921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5138940811157227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5116460919380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.4919686019420624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.45408371090888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-image-annotation","display_name":"Automatic image annotation","score":0.44915810227394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4282112121582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.41136834025382996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.339318186044693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.252202570438385}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8010504841804504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6893160343170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6858304738998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.6648297905921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5138940811157227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5116460919380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.4919686019420624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.45408371090888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199579030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2851778","display_name":"Automatic image annotation","level":4,"score":0.44915810227394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4282112121582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41136834025382996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.339318186044693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.252202570438385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2021.3060634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2021.3060634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33617450","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33617450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8516596","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8516596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:4625321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/4625321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8516596","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8516596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G367708065","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ACI-1548562","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8530657079","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01HL128785","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306143","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W343636949","https://openalex.org/W1922773808","https://openalex.org/W1986649315","https://openalex.org/W2025768430","https://openalex.org/W2131846894","https://openalex.org/W2149933564","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2223737960","https://openalex.org/W2321533354","https://openalex.org/W2346062110","https://openalex.org/W2584017349","https://openalex.org/W2611650229","https://openalex.org/W2620629206","https://openalex.org/W2750023899","https://openalex.org/W2755930428","https://openalex.org/W2769857323","https://openalex.org/W2785325870","https://openalex.org/W2791680898","https://openalex.org/W2804935296","https://openalex.org/W2883725317","https://openalex.org/W2900298334","https://openalex.org/W2910094941","https://openalex.org/W2915126261","https://openalex.org/W2929753309","https://openalex.org/W2946185430","https://openalex.org/W2947706148","https://openalex.org/W2951019013","https://openalex.org/W2954540134","https://openalex.org/W2962936819","https://openalex.org/W2963103975","https://openalex.org/W2963313410","https://openalex.org/W2963420272","https://openalex.org/W2963524571","https://openalex.org/W2964744899","https://openalex.org/W2979427035","https://openalex.org/W2979708377","https://openalex.org/W2979888373","https://openalex.org/W2982376094","https://openalex.org/W2987741655","https://openalex.org/W2989929945","https://openalex.org/W2990765879","https://openalex.org/W2990873191","https://openalex.org/W3014974815","https://openalex.org/W3016836174","https://openalex.org/W3018265077","https://openalex.org/W3034559532","https://openalex.org/W3034576826","https://openalex.org/W3035164673","https://openalex.org/W3039616371","https://openalex.org/W3081410576","https://openalex.org/W3093049763","https://openalex.org/W3098033339","https://openalex.org/W3098288266","https://openalex.org/W3101156210","https://openalex.org/W3110446398","https://openalex.org/W3112701542","https://openalex.org/W4287755086","https://openalex.org/W4299518610","https://openalex.org/W4309233581","https://openalex.org/W6682132143","https://openalex.org/W6747899497","https://openalex.org/W6755891590","https://openalex.org/W6758047254","https://openalex.org/W6759274242","https://openalex.org/W6761274798","https://openalex.org/W6763301180","https://openalex.org/W6765696844","https://openalex.org/W6770166933","https://openalex.org/W6779992872","https://openalex.org/W6782436372"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2566406229","https://openalex.org/W3177930984","https://openalex.org/W2052697133","https://openalex.org/W2119028572","https://openalex.org/W2152482390","https://openalex.org/W2376984068","https://openalex.org/W2076896210","https://openalex.org/W2506386910","https://openalex.org/W2117928543","https://openalex.org/W2168037874"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,142,198],"new":[4],"concept":[5],"called":[6],"\"transferable":[7],"visual":[8,63,69,85,151,161,211],"words\"":[9],"(TransVW),":[10],"aiming":[11],"to":[12,76,98,188],"achieve":[13],"annotation":[14,114,127,195],"efficiency":[15,115],"for":[16,31,95,153,197],"deep":[17,96],"learning":[18,163],"in":[19,39,129],"medical":[20],"image":[21,102,180],"analysis.":[22],"Medical":[23],"imaging-focusing":[24],"on":[25],"particular":[26],"parts":[27],"of":[28,36,116,150,200],"the":[29,83,113,148,178],"body":[30],"defined":[32],"clinical":[33],"purposes-generates":[34],"images":[35],"great":[37],"similarity":[38],"anatomy":[40,58],"across":[41,48],"patients":[42],"and":[43,59,81,107,122,176,192,209],"yields":[44],"sophisticated":[45],"anatomical":[46,77],"patterns":[47],"images,":[49],"which":[50,60,146,168,185],"are":[51,61,213],"associated":[52],"with":[53,125],"rich":[54],"semantics":[55,149],"about":[56],"human":[57],"natural":[62],"words.":[64],"We":[65],"show":[66],"that":[67,82],"these":[68],"words":[70,86,152,212],"can":[71,87],"be":[72,189],"automatically":[73],"harvested":[74],"according":[75],"consistency":[78],"via":[79,104],"self-discovery,":[80],"self-discovered":[84],"serve":[88],"as":[89],"strong":[90],"yet":[91],"free":[92],"supervision":[93],"signals":[94],"models":[97],"learn":[99],"semantics-enriched":[100,183],"generic":[101],"representation":[103,181],"self-supervision":[105],"(self-classification":[106],"self-restoration).":[108],"Our":[109,132,205],"extensive":[110],"experiments":[111],"demonstrate":[112],"TransVW":[117,133,140],"by":[118],"offering":[119],"higher":[120],"performance":[121],"faster":[123],"convergence":[124],"reduced":[126],"cost":[128],"several":[130,135],"applications.":[131],"has":[134],"important":[136],"advantages,":[137],"including":[138],"(1)":[139],"is":[141,164,182],"fully":[143],"autodidactic":[144],"scheme,":[145],"exploits":[147],"self-supervised":[154,171],"learning,":[155],"requiring":[156],"no":[157],"expert":[158],"annotation;":[159],"(2)":[160],"word":[162],"an":[165],"add-on":[166],"strategy,":[167],"complements":[169],"existing":[170],"methods,":[172],"boosting":[173],"their":[174],"performance;":[175],"(3)":[177],"learned":[179],"models,":[184,208],"have":[186],"proven":[187],"more":[190],"robust":[191],"generalizable,":[193],"saving":[194],"efforts":[196],"variety":[199],"applications":[201],"through":[202],"transfer":[203],"learning.":[204],"code,":[206],"pre-trained":[207],"curated":[210],"available":[214],"at":[215],"https://github.com/JLiangLab/TransVW.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
