{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3040321336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2020.3018508","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning Designed Shinnar-Le Roux RF Pulse Using Root-Flipping: DeepRF<sub>SLR</sub>","display_name":"Deep Reinforcement Learning Designed Shinnar-Le Roux RF Pulse Using Root-Flipping: DeepRF<sub>SLR</sub>","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3040321336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2020.3018508","mag":"3040321336","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32833629"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2020.3018508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2020.3018508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.09015","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113724376","display_name":"Dong-Myung Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2549-0136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongmyung Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103113893","display_name":"Sooyeon Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1644-6560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sooyeon Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003645465","display_name":"Doohee Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doohee Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351767","display_name":"Jieun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3296-611X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jieun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002164089","display_name":"Se\u2010Hong Oh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3462-5052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83436808","display_name":"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/051q2m369","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83436808"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Se-Hong Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Gyeonggi, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Gyeonggi, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83436808"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423379","display_name":"Jongho Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9485-5434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jongho Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113724376"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6679,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73065773,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"12","first_page":"4391","last_page":"4400"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9506000280380249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9369999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.6231650114059448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.5528742671012878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-duration","display_name":"Pulse duration","score":0.5095655918121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4999043941497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.4768489599227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.43164992332458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39196106791496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3205609917640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2411719560623169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.23825910687446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.1543920636177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14823046326637268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11751866340637207}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.6231650114059448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.5528742671012878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169150495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7259675","display_name":"Pulse duration","level":3,"score":0.5095655918121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4999043941497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.4768489599227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.43164992332458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39196106791496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3205609917640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2411719560623169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.23825910687446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.1543920636177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14823046326637268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11751866340637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011846","descriptor_name":"Radio Waves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011846","descriptor_name":"Radio Waves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011846","descriptor_name":"Radio Waves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2020.3018508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2020.3018508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32833629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32833629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1912.09015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1912.09015","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.09015","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1912.09015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1912.09015","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.09015","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2135317605","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SRFC-IT1801-09","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332195","funder_display_name":"Samsung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7072273557","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2018R1A2B3008445","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321292","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332195","display_name":"Samsung","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1897821276","https://openalex.org/W1929452268","https://openalex.org/W1933150758","https://openalex.org/W1973010030","https://openalex.org/W1996023265","https://openalex.org/W2007294293","https://openalex.org/W2071973680","https://openalex.org/W2082693610","https://openalex.org/W2094953664","https://openalex.org/W2099618002","https://openalex.org/W2119717200","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2132518315","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2153148631","https://openalex.org/W2155012132","https://openalex.org/W2155027007","https://openalex.org/W2156528433","https://openalex.org/W2161044358","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2169180452","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2402144811","https://openalex.org/W2442117232","https://openalex.org/W2578373878","https://openalex.org/W2618097077","https://openalex.org/W2789525339","https://openalex.org/W2791695392","https://openalex.org/W2798456213","https://openalex.org/W2916160219","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2962723798","https://openalex.org/W2963167310","https://openalex.org/W2963642149","https://openalex.org/W2963656426","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2988907398","https://openalex.org/W3096437212","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4230563027","https://openalex.org/W4252523950","https://openalex.org/W4295113716","https://openalex.org/W4298350183","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6683204974","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6738855998","https://openalex.org/W6748929038","https://openalex.org/W6752169581"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281681099","https://openalex.org/W2371298155","https://openalex.org/W3035855245","https://openalex.org/W2071884304","https://openalex.org/W2157903899","https://openalex.org/W4388473605","https://openalex.org/W2033630298","https://openalex.org/W1857977879","https://openalex.org/W2090679090","https://openalex.org/W1991322549"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel":[1],"approach":[2,137],"of":[3,36,54,68,81,132,142],"applying":[4,147],"deep":[5,69],"reinforcement":[6,70],"learning":[7,71,150],"to":[8,20,25,95,120,130],"an":[9,144],"RF":[10,60,101,111,124,145],"pulse":[11,34,40,61,112,125],"design":[12],"is":[13,18,23,63],"introduced.":[14],"This":[15],"method,":[16,50],"which":[17,57],"referred":[19],"as":[21],"DeepRF<sub>SLR</sub>,":[22],"designed":[24],"minimize":[26,32],"the":[27,33,43,49,51,59,79,82,108,110,121,127,133],"peak":[28],"amplitude":[29],"or,":[30],"equivalently,":[31],"duration":[35,100],"a":[37,116,139,148,153],"multiband":[38,83],"refocusing":[39],"generated":[41],"by":[42,65,146],"Shinar":[44],"Le-Roux":[45],"(SLR)":[46],"algorithm.":[47],"In":[48,107],"root":[52],"pattern":[53],"SLR":[55,123],"polynomial,":[56],"determines":[58],"shape,":[62],"optimized":[64],"iterative":[66],"applications":[67],"and":[72,87,126],"greedy":[73],"tree":[74],"search.":[75],"When":[76],"tested":[77],"for":[78],"designs":[80],"pulses":[84,102],"with":[85],"three":[86],"seven":[88],"slices,":[89],"DeepRF<sub>SLR</sub>":[90,114],"demonstrated":[91],"improved":[92],"performance":[93],"compared":[94],"conventional":[96],"methods,":[97],"generating":[98],"shorter":[99,104],"in":[103],"computational":[105],"time.":[106],"experiments,":[109],"from":[113],"produced":[115],"slice":[117],"profile":[118],"similar":[119],"minimum-phase":[122],"profiles":[128],"matched":[129],"that":[131],"computer":[134],"simulation.":[135],"Our":[136],"suggests":[138],"new":[140],"way":[141],"designing":[143],"machine":[149],"algorithm,":[151],"demonstrating":[152],"\"machine-designed\"":[154],"MRI":[155],"sequence.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
