{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2994857813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2020.2983129","title":"Perturbation Monte Carlo Method for Quantitative Photoacoustic Tomography","display_name":"Perturbation Monte Carlo Method for Quantitative Photoacoustic Tomography","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2994857813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2020.2983129","mag":"2994857813","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32217473"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2020.2983129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2020.2983129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.09701","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Aleksi A. Leino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3504-548X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aleksi A. Leino","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3504-548X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tuomas Lunttila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0859-0394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuomas Lunttila","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0859-0394","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Meghdoot Mozumder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0656-4291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meghdoot Mozumder","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0656-4291","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Aki Pulkkinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2997-5728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aki Pulkkinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2997-5728","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tanja Tarvainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7919-4033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["FI","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanja Tarvainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, London, U.K","University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7919-4033","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9581,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71527665,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"10","first_page":"2985","last_page":"2995"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.8895999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoacoustic-tomography","display_name":"Photoacoustic tomography","score":0.6468999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-problem","display_name":"Inverse problem","score":0.5918999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method-for-photon-transport","display_name":"Monte Carlo method for photon transport","score":0.5260999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perturbation","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","score":0.5098999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.48980000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Dynamic Monte Carlo method","score":0.4878999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomography","display_name":"Tomography","score":0.4625000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon","display_name":"Photon","score":0.46070000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-monte-carlo","display_name":"Hybrid Monte Carlo","score":0.4438000023365021}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.8895999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109592283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187705","display_name":"Photoacoustic tomography","level":3,"score":0.6468999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135252773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567213","display_name":"Inverse problem","level":2,"score":0.5918999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98125479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6904697","display_name":"Monte Carlo method for photon transport","level":5,"score":0.5260999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177918212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q803623","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.5098999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.48980000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122592724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3855635","display_name":"Dynamic Monte Carlo method","level":3,"score":0.4878999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.47690001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.46959999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.4625000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.46070000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13153151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639846","display_name":"Hybrid Monte Carlo","level":4,"score":0.4438000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.4397999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777413408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1968843","display_name":"Optical tomography","level":3,"score":0.43130001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.429500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.42160001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54932901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187705","display_name":"Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine","level":2,"score":0.4146000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37669827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6904703","display_name":"Monte Carlo molecular modeling","level":4,"score":0.38659998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123614077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364905","display_name":"Propagation of uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111350023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191869","display_name":"Markov chain Monte Carlo","level":3,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120456961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Light scattering","level":3,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145417883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275421","display_name":"Diffuse optical imaging","level":3,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163740662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187702","display_name":"Photoacoustic effect","level":3,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159774933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902086","display_name":"Attenuation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39110650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755871","display_name":"Reverse Monte Carlo","level":4,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132725507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39879","display_name":"Monte Carlo integration","level":5,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174558057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11639409","display_name":"Inverse scattering problem","level":3,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15482360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15238499","display_name":"Monte Carlo algorithm","level":3,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900415","display_name":"Photoacoustic spectroscopy","level":3,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204493344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6904698","display_name":"Monte Carlo method in statistical physics","level":5,"score":0.2621000111103058}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017785","descriptor_name":"Photons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017785","descriptor_name":"Photons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017785","descriptor_name":"Photons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2020.2983129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2020.2983129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32217473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32217473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1912.09701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1912.09701","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.09701","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1912.09701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1912.09701","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.09701","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1334010506","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"312342","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2095339158","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"314411","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322282","display_name":"Jane ja Aatos Erkon S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","ror":"https://ror.org/03vxy9y38"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531455566","https://openalex.org/W1984613992","https://openalex.org/W1999182952","https://openalex.org/W2001771415","https://openalex.org/W2003073599","https://openalex.org/W2008984757","https://openalex.org/W2013492930","https://openalex.org/W2022467687","https://openalex.org/W2023074414","https://openalex.org/W2024506048","https://openalex.org/W2026062752","https://openalex.org/W2030529101","https://openalex.org/W2033106066","https://openalex.org/W2034659599","https://openalex.org/W2044089866","https://openalex.org/W2046192310","https://openalex.org/W2048750749","https://openalex.org/W2062695418","https://openalex.org/W2066860228","https://openalex.org/W2073001019","https://openalex.org/W2075353800","https://openalex.org/W2081287315","https://openalex.org/W2097683070","https://openalex.org/W2097689438","https://openalex.org/W2104817101","https://openalex.org/W2122161321","https://openalex.org/W2126375075","https://openalex.org/W2145366812","https://openalex.org/W2148309086","https://openalex.org/W2157048271","https://openalex.org/W2162473564","https://openalex.org/W2166163757","https://openalex.org/W2177656154","https://openalex.org/W2195937456","https://openalex.org/W2261089395","https://openalex.org/W2484448248","https://openalex.org/W2500522403","https://openalex.org/W2508666491","https://openalex.org/W2563340903","https://openalex.org/W2733996340","https://openalex.org/W2764995562","https://openalex.org/W2885208217","https://openalex.org/W2889994066","https://openalex.org/W2921997128","https://openalex.org/W2951221615","https://openalex.org/W2999129014","https://openalex.org/W6677168553","https://openalex.org/W6734935923","https://openalex.org/W6735481883"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantitative":[0],"photoacoustic":[1,9,16,62],"tomography":[2,63],"aims":[3],"at":[4],"estimating":[5],"optical":[6,29],"parameters":[7,166],"from":[8],"images":[10],"that":[11,148,180],"are":[12,170,181],"formed":[13],"utilizing":[14],"the":[15,20,57,66,125,128,133,139,149],"effect":[17],"caused":[18],"by":[19],"absorption":[21,163],"of":[22,60,127,141,161],"an":[23,33,96],"externally":[24],"introduced":[25],"light":[26,75,101],"pulse.":[27],"This":[28],"parameter":[30,178],"estimation":[31],"is":[32,40,77,92,107],"ill-posed":[34],"inverse":[35,58,129,143],"problem,":[36],"and":[37,44,110,120,135,164,173],"thus":[38],"it":[39,106,137],"sensitive":[41],"to":[42,55,99,112,157],"measurement":[43],"modeling":[45],"errors.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48,118],"work,":[49],"we":[50],"propose":[51],"a":[52,78,86],"novel":[53],"way":[54],"solve":[56],"problem":[59],"quantitative":[61],"based":[64],"on":[65],"perturbation":[67,150],"Monte":[68,71,115,151],"Carlo":[69,72,116,152],"method.":[70],"method":[73,98,134,153],"for":[74,81,124,183],"propagation":[76,102],"stochastic":[79],"approach":[80],"simulating":[82],"photon":[83],"trajectories":[84],"in":[85,103,138,177],"medium":[87],"with":[88],"scattering":[89,165],"particles.":[90],"It":[91],"widely":[93],"accepted":[94],"as":[95],"accurate":[97,175],"simulate":[100],"tissues.":[104,185],"Furthermore,":[105],"numerically":[108],"robust":[109],"easy":[111],"implement.":[113],"Perturbation":[114],"maintains":[117],"robustness":[119],"enables":[121],"forming":[122],"gradients":[123],"solution":[126],"problem.":[130],"We":[131],"validate":[132],"apply":[136],"framework":[140],"Bayesian":[142],"problems.":[144],"The":[145],"simulations":[146],"show":[147],"can":[154],"be":[155],"used":[156],"estimate":[158],"spatial":[159],"distributions":[160],"both":[162],"simultaneously.":[167],"These":[168],"estimates":[169],"qualitatively":[171],"good":[172],"quantitatively":[174],"also":[176],"scales":[179],"realistic":[182],"biological":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2019-12-26T00:00:00"}
