{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2990963454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2019.2953872","title":"Heterogeneous Angular Spectrum Method for Trans-Skull Imaging and Focusing","display_name":"Heterogeneous Angular Spectrum Method for Trans-Skull Imaging and Focusing","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2990963454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2019.2953872","mag":"2990963454","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31751231"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2019.2953872","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2019.2953872","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10710012/pdf/nihms-1941786.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034706849","display_name":"Scott Schoen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7195-2883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Scott Schoen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7195-2883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013827651","display_name":"Costas Arvanitis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7737-1446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802612298","display_name":"The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02j15s898","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I150468666","https://openalex.org/I2802612298"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Costas D. Arvanitis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA","The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, USA","Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7737-1446","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802612298","https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802612298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034706849"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4954,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81386913,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"5","first_page":"1605","last_page":"1614"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10958","display_name":"Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10958","display_name":"Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skull","display_name":"Skull","score":0.5210851430892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5202042460441589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.4879879355430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.47176292538642883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angular-spectrum-method","display_name":"Angular spectrum method","score":0.44797343015670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3872215747833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.10202687978744507}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779300802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13147","display_name":"Skull","level":2,"score":0.5210851430892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5202042460441589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.4879879355430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.47176292538642883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128975484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492872","display_name":"Angular spectrum method","level":3,"score":0.44797343015670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3872215747833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10202687978744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012886","descriptor_name":"Skull","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012886","descriptor_name":"Skull","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012886","descriptor_name":"Skull","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012886","descriptor_name":"Skull","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014464","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonic Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014464","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonic Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014464","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonic Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014464","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonic Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D045423","descriptor_name":"Microbubbles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D045423","descriptor_name":"Microbubbles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D045423","descriptor_name":"Microbubbles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D045423","descriptor_name":"Microbubbles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2019.2953872","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2019.2953872","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31751231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31751231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10710012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10710012","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10710012/pdf/nihms-1941786.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10710012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10710012","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10710012/pdf/nihms-1941786.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1410811613","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R00EB016971","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1908316222","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1830577","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G365632765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1933158","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4337378942","display_name":"LEAP-HI: Investigation of coupled skull-brain vibroacoustics and ultrasound toward enhanced therapy and diagnosis","funder_award_id":"1830577","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8616507091","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1933158","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2990963454.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W598735987","https://openalex.org/W1527704073","https://openalex.org/W1905816624","https://openalex.org/W1931046526","https://openalex.org/W1979872711","https://openalex.org/W1980999925","https://openalex.org/W1982625218","https://openalex.org/W1987204096","https://openalex.org/W1987931700","https://openalex.org/W1992173819","https://openalex.org/W1992466450","https://openalex.org/W1997479152","https://openalex.org/W1999318406","https://openalex.org/W2004721351","https://openalex.org/W2005527079","https://openalex.org/W2006654193","https://openalex.org/W2007706971","https://openalex.org/W2007986729","https://openalex.org/W2008746308","https://openalex.org/W2015325502","https://openalex.org/W2017741298","https://openalex.org/W2025191689","https://openalex.org/W2026298013","https://openalex.org/W2034119727","https://openalex.org/W2042425657","https://openalex.org/W2044816987","https://openalex.org/W2066834355","https://openalex.org/W2067492428","https://openalex.org/W2070793639","https://openalex.org/W2073956340","https://openalex.org/W2074029441","https://openalex.org/W2076751690","https://openalex.org/W2077872631","https://openalex.org/W2087651931","https://openalex.org/W2111589632","https://openalex.org/W2115554516","https://openalex.org/W2128508537","https://openalex.org/W2141862438","https://openalex.org/W2161038017","https://openalex.org/W2162473564","https://openalex.org/W2174473997","https://openalex.org/W2419288218","https://openalex.org/W2514127661","https://openalex.org/W2517769867","https://openalex.org/W2532100587","https://openalex.org/W2556360882","https://openalex.org/W2562718776","https://openalex.org/W2737966001","https://openalex.org/W2762266207","https://openalex.org/W2793085010","https://openalex.org/W2801099312","https://openalex.org/W2801186762","https://openalex.org/W2803104543","https://openalex.org/W2889014367","https://openalex.org/W2900839929","https://openalex.org/W2902170602","https://openalex.org/W2925110565","https://openalex.org/W2947360561","https://openalex.org/W2979984433","https://openalex.org/W4232410778"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2935759653","https://openalex.org/W3105167352","https://openalex.org/W54078636","https://openalex.org/W2954470139","https://openalex.org/W1501425562","https://openalex.org/W2902782467","https://openalex.org/W3084825885","https://openalex.org/W2298861036","https://openalex.org/W2009382771"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ultrasound,":[0],"alone":[1],"or":[2],"in":[3,31,77,128,204],"concert":[4],"with":[5,98,152,165,255,268],"circulating":[6],"microbubble":[7,46],"contrast":[8],"agents,":[9],"has":[10,25],"emerged":[11],"as":[12,121,228],"a":[13,35,68,78,83,287],"promising":[14],"modality":[15],"for":[16,62,71,100,142,239,260,293,306],"therapy":[17],"and":[18,42,105,150,171,201,218,242,290,297,308],"imaging":[19,298],"of":[20,37,44,132,160,168,178,187,211,246,299,310],"brain":[21,311],"diseases.":[22,312],"While":[23],"this":[24,269],"become":[26],"possible":[27],"due":[28],"to":[29,60,87,123,184,196,230],"advancements":[30],"aberration":[32,103],"correction":[33,104,279],"methods,":[34],"range":[36,210],"applications,":[38],"including":[39],"adaptive":[40],"focusing":[41,120,241,296],"tracking":[43],"the":[45,49,72,89,114,124,161,166,176,209,231,247,261,276,283],"dynamics":[47],"through":[48],"human":[50],"skull,":[51],"may":[52],"benefit":[53],"from":[54],"even":[55],"more":[56],"computationally":[57,288],"efficient":[58,289],"methods":[59],"account":[61],"skull":[63,169],"aberrations.":[64],"Here,":[65],"we":[66],"derive":[67],"general":[69,115],"method":[70,182,280,292],"angular":[73],"spectrum":[74],"approach":[75],"(ASA)":[76],"heterogeneous":[79],"medium,":[80],"based":[81,281],"on":[82,282],"numerical":[84],"marching":[85],"scheme":[86],"approximate":[88],"full":[90],"implicit":[91],"solution.":[92],"We":[93],"then":[94],"demonstrate":[95],"its":[96],"functionality":[97],"simulations":[99,111],"(human)":[101],"skull-related":[102],"trans-skull":[106,119,294],"passive":[107],"acoustic":[108],"mapping.":[109],"Our":[110],"show":[112],"that":[113,275],"solution":[116],"provides":[117],"accurate":[118,291],"compared":[122,229,254],"uncorrected":[125],"case":[126,177],"(error":[127],"focal":[129,154],"point":[130,219,243,300],"location":[131],"1.0":[133],"\u00b1":[134,139,158,193,198,251,257],"0.4":[135],"mm":[136,195,223,226],"vs":[137],"2.2":[138],"0.7":[140,197],"mm)":[141,200],"clinically":[143],"relevant":[144],"frequencies":[145,212],"(0.25-1.5MHz),":[146],"apertures":[147,215],"(50-100":[148,216],"mm),":[149,217],"targets,":[151],"peak":[153,205],"pressures":[155],"approximately":[156],"30":[157],"17%":[159],"free":[162],"field":[163],"case,":[164],"effects":[167],"attenuation":[170],"amplitude":[172],"shading":[173],"included.":[174],"In":[175],"source":[179,220,244],"localization,":[180],"our":[181,272],"leads":[183],"an":[185],"average":[186],"75%":[188],"error":[189],"reduction":[190],"(from":[191],"2.9":[192],"1.8":[194],"0.5":[199],"40-60%":[202],"increase":[203],"intensity,":[206],"evaluated":[207],"over":[208],"(0.4-1.2":[213],"MHz),":[214],"locations":[221],"(40":[222],"by":[224],"50":[225],"grid)":[227],"homogeneous":[232,262],"medium":[233],"ASA.":[234],"Overall,":[235],"total":[236],"computation":[237],"times":[238],"both":[240],"localization":[245],"order":[248],"milliseconds":[249],"(166":[250],"37":[252],"ms,":[253],"44":[256],"4":[258],"ms":[259],"ASA":[263,284],"formulation)":[264],"can":[265],"be":[266],"attained":[267],"approach.":[270],"Collectively":[271],"findings":[273],"indicate":[274],"proposed":[277],"phase":[278],"could":[285],"provide":[286],"transmit":[295],"scatterers,":[301],"potentially":[302],"opening":[303],"new":[304],"possibilities":[305],"treatment":[307],"diagnosis":[309]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
