{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2967601881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2019.2933986","title":"Coincidence Counters for Charge Sharing Compensation in Spectroscopic Photon Counting Detectors","display_name":"Coincidence Counters for Charge Sharing Compensation in Spectroscopic Photon Counting Detectors","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2967601881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2019.2933986","mag":"2967601881","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31398114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2019.2933986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2019.2933986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102946632","display_name":"Scott S. Hsieh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3111-7001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Scott S. Hsieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3111-7001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102946632"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0704,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73812283,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"3","first_page":"678","last_page":"687"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10844","display_name":"Radiation Dose and Imaging","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11361","display_name":"Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-sharing","display_name":"Charge sharing","score":0.9170801639556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon-counting","display_name":"Photon counting","score":0.682451605796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6695727109909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.634207546710968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6045418977737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5505285263061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon","display_name":"Photon","score":0.5445601344108582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dot-pitch","display_name":"Dot pitch","score":0.5043669939041138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5023529529571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.47923043370246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.4743845760822296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.47341781854629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flux","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","score":0.45186808705329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge","display_name":"Charge (physics)","score":0.4325804114341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"Computational physics","score":0.3305465579032898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.23726218938827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.23247718811035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17456373572349548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.15021607279777527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.10536885261535645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0774780809879303}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781179661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5074272","display_name":"Charge sharing","level":3,"score":0.9170801639556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781402376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126172","display_name":"Photon counting","level":3,"score":0.682451605796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6695727109909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.634207546710968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6045418977737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5505285263061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.5445601344108582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179813606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2032861","display_name":"Dot pitch","level":3,"score":0.5043669939041138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5023529529571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.47923043370246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.4743845760822296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.47341781854629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68709404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134475","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","level":2,"score":0.45186808705329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73792","display_name":"Charge (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4325804114341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.3305465579032898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.23726218938827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23247718811035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17456373572349548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15021607279777527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.10536885261535645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0774780809879303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014965","descriptor_name":"X-Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014965","descriptor_name":"X-Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014965","descriptor_name":"X-Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017785","descriptor_name":"Photons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017785","descriptor_name":"Photons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017785","descriptor_name":"Photons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2019.2933986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2019.2933986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31398114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31398114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W996898680","https://openalex.org/W1650310283","https://openalex.org/W1965673981","https://openalex.org/W1972037630","https://openalex.org/W1982125290","https://openalex.org/W1984341019","https://openalex.org/W1997088134","https://openalex.org/W2000764677","https://openalex.org/W2050700433","https://openalex.org/W2057123841","https://openalex.org/W2061816342","https://openalex.org/W2069814604","https://openalex.org/W2072647673","https://openalex.org/W2113642685","https://openalex.org/W2123232003","https://openalex.org/W2125546022","https://openalex.org/W2128158076","https://openalex.org/W2139528933","https://openalex.org/W2241572427","https://openalex.org/W2264926311","https://openalex.org/W2293587253","https://openalex.org/W2314564874","https://openalex.org/W2410214232","https://openalex.org/W2544587581","https://openalex.org/W2556026466","https://openalex.org/W2560544579","https://openalex.org/W2561623420","https://openalex.org/W2609033513","https://openalex.org/W2609343224","https://openalex.org/W2615446882","https://openalex.org/W2769988128","https://openalex.org/W2770017452","https://openalex.org/W2789393829","https://openalex.org/W2792304317","https://openalex.org/W2793682105","https://openalex.org/W2796758413","https://openalex.org/W2883512246","https://openalex.org/W4237398724","https://openalex.org/W6650703890"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2073639911","https://openalex.org/W2794238239","https://openalex.org/W3188052387","https://openalex.org/W2071056254","https://openalex.org/W4220983377","https://openalex.org/W3043539590","https://openalex.org/W2792768547","https://openalex.org/W2978256172","https://openalex.org/W1996033286","https://openalex.org/W2487513613"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,62,241],"performance":[1],"of":[2,76,97,100,147,163,176,184,198],"X-ray":[3,133],"photon":[4],"counting":[5,45],"detectors":[6],"(PCDs),":[7],"especially":[8],"on":[9,220],"spectral":[10],"tasks,":[11],"is":[12,64,236],"compromised":[13],"by":[14,66,106,191,238],"charge":[15,22,26,82,85,130,140,251],"sharing.":[16,83],"Existing":[17],"mechanisms":[18],"to":[19,58,109],"compensate":[20],"for":[21,250],"sharing,":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25,128,136,212],"summing":[27],"circuitry":[28],"or":[29],"larger":[30],"pixel":[31,174,223],"sizes,":[32],"increase":[33,51],"and":[34,53,72,117,132,153,186,193,216,222,235,247],"aggravate":[35],"pileup":[36,52],"effects.":[37],"We":[38,112],"propose":[39],"a":[40,114,138],"new":[41],"mechanism,":[42],"the":[43,77,87,98,107,119,179,228,239],"coincidence":[44],"bin":[46],"(CCB),":[47],"which":[48,54],"does":[49,89,230],"not":[50,90,231],"has":[55],"implementation":[56],"similarities":[57],"existing":[59],"energy":[60,134,172],"bins.":[61],"CCB":[63,88,120,180,229,242],"triggered":[65],"coincident":[67,101],"events":[68],"in":[69,203,254],"adjacent":[70],"pixels":[71,127],"provides":[73],"an":[74,204,245],"estimate":[75],"double":[78],"counts":[79,102],"arising":[80],"from":[81],"Unlike":[84],"summing,":[86],"directly":[91],"restore":[92],"corrupted":[93],"events.":[94],"Nonetheless,":[95],"knowledge":[96],"number":[99],"can":[103],"be":[104,244],"used":[105],"estimator":[108],"reduce":[110],"noise.":[111],"simulated":[113],"PCD":[115,126],"with":[116,142],"without":[118],"using":[121],"Monte":[122],"Carlo":[123],"simulations,":[124],"modeling":[125],"instantaneous":[129],"collectors":[131],"deposition":[135],"producing":[137],"Gaussian":[139],"cloud":[141],"75":[143],"micron":[144],"FWHM,":[145],"independent":[146],"energy.":[148],"With":[149],"typical":[150],"operating":[151],"conditions":[152],"at":[154],"low":[155],"flux":[156,214],"(120":[157],"kVp,":[158],"incident":[159,213],"count":[160,165],"rate":[161],"1%":[162],"characteristic":[164],"rate,":[166],"30":[167],"cm":[168],"object":[169],"thickness,":[170],"five":[171],"bins,":[173],"pitch":[175],"300":[177],"microns),":[178],"improved":[181],"dose":[182],"efficiency":[183],"iodine":[185,205],"water":[187],"basis":[188],"material":[189],"decomposition":[190],"70%":[192],"50%,":[194],"respectively.":[195],"An":[196],"improvement":[197],"20%":[199],"was":[200],"also":[201],"seen":[202],"CNR":[206],"task.":[207],"These":[208],"improvements":[209],"are":[210],"attenuated":[211],"increases":[215],"show":[217],"moderate":[218],"dependence":[219],"filtration":[221],"size.":[224],"At":[225],"high":[226],"flux,":[227],"provide":[232],"useful":[233],"information":[234],"discarded":[237],"estimator.":[240],"may":[243],"effective":[246],"practical":[248],"mechanism":[249],"sharing":[252],"compensation":[253],"PCDs.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}