{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2964327615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2018.2823679","title":"Intelligent Parameter Tuning in Optimization-Based Iterative CT Reconstruction via Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Intelligent Parameter Tuning in Optimization-Based Iterative CT Reconstruction via Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2964327615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2018.2823679","mag":"2964327615","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29870371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2018.2823679","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2018.2823679","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5999035","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005437679","display_name":"Chenyang Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6490-6555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyang Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6490-6555","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044127306","display_name":"Yesenia Gonzalez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-6771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yesenia Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100715502","display_name":"Liyuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5345-0086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liyuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5345-0086","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018120191","display_name":"Steve Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-6752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve B. Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066232843","display_name":"Xun Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6159-2909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xun Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6159-2909","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.95,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":106,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98873896,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"6","first_page":"1430","last_page":"1439"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.792519748210907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6837866306304932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6099224090576172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.598220705986023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5566257834434509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.5274458527565002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.45096850395202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.44596540927886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.44572392106056213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4385264217853546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.42122629284858704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.41486573219299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3533586859703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23180338740348816}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.792519748210907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6837866306304932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6099224090576172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.598220705986023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5566257834434509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.5274458527565002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45096850395202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.44596540927886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.44572392106056213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4385264217853546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.42122629284858704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41486573219299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3533586859703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23180338740348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2018.2823679","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2018.2823679","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29870371","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29870371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5999035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5999035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5999035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5999035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1033650375","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R21 EB021545","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1090810498","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1R01CA214639-01A1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G167933996","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 CA214639","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G234429048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R37 CA214639","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2588356701","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 CA227289","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5494152811","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1R01CA227289-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6486082169","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1R21EB021545","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00372qc85"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32403112","https://openalex.org/W1603150988","https://openalex.org/W1966010349","https://openalex.org/W1972150100","https://openalex.org/W1990381576","https://openalex.org/W1993102688","https://openalex.org/W1993253771","https://openalex.org/W2024575266","https://openalex.org/W2031604650","https://openalex.org/W2042776093","https://openalex.org/W2055483062","https://openalex.org/W2072276987","https://openalex.org/W2092663520","https://openalex.org/W2103559027","https://openalex.org/W2112575052","https://openalex.org/W2119259145","https://openalex.org/W2142058898","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2149166590","https://openalex.org/W2171125155","https://openalex.org/W2289843649","https://openalex.org/W2416717155","https://openalex.org/W2520016695","https://openalex.org/W2542870090","https://openalex.org/W2552808051","https://openalex.org/W2556016755","https://openalex.org/W2570202822","https://openalex.org/W2584483805","https://openalex.org/W2608329453","https://openalex.org/W2733448214","https://openalex.org/W3098677430","https://openalex.org/W3104324122","https://openalex.org/W3106045672","https://openalex.org/W4292363360","https://openalex.org/W4298857966","https://openalex.org/W4312258136","https://openalex.org/W6681955237","https://openalex.org/W6729455701","https://openalex.org/W6736630380","https://openalex.org/W6922652424"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W3084456289","https://openalex.org/W2024136090","https://openalex.org/W4391331176","https://openalex.org/W2031695474","https://openalex.org/W2586732548","https://openalex.org/W2964765435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"number":[1,99],"of":[2,26,40,49,74,100,142,204],"image-processing":[3],"problems":[4],"can":[5,69,126],"be":[6],"formulated":[7],"as":[8,47,67],"optimization":[9],"problems.":[10],"The":[11],"objective":[12],"function":[13],"typically":[14],"contains":[15],"several":[16],"terms":[17,28],"specifically":[18],"designed":[19],"for":[20,64],"different":[21],"purposes.":[22],"Parameters":[23],"in":[24,90,103,130,138],"front":[25],"these":[27,45],"are":[29,58],"used":[30],"to":[31,43,121,169],"control":[32],"the":[33,50,72,79,174,180,183,190,202,205],"relative":[34],"importance":[35,42],"among":[36],"them.":[37],"It":[38],"is":[39,86,186],"critical":[41],"adjust":[44,128],"parameters,":[46],"quality":[48,212],"solution":[51,80],"depends":[52],"on":[53,78],"their":[54],"values.":[55],"Tuning":[56],"parameters":[57,101,129],"a":[59,65,98,104,123,131,150,158,165],"relatively":[60],"straight":[61],"forward":[62],"task":[63],"human,":[66],"one":[68],"intuitively":[70],"determine":[71],"direction":[73,175],"parameter":[75,84,181],"adjustment":[76],"based":[77],"quality.":[81],"Yet":[82],"manual":[83],"tuning":[85],"not":[87],"only":[88],"tedious":[89],"many":[91],"cases,":[92],"but":[93],"also":[94],"becomes":[95],"impractical":[96],"when":[97],"exist":[102],"problem.":[105],"Aiming":[106],"at":[107,182],"solving":[108],"this":[109,111],"problem,":[110],"paper":[112],"proposes":[113],"an":[114,139,170,193],"approach":[115],"that":[116,125,172,200],"employs":[117],"deep":[118],"reinforcement":[119,195],"learning":[120,196],"train":[122,189],"system":[124],"automatically":[127],"human-like":[132],"manner.":[133],"We":[134,155,188,198],"demonstrate":[135,199],"our":[136],"idea":[137],"example":[140],"problem":[141],"optimization-based":[143],"iterative":[144],"computed":[145],"tomography":[146],"(CT)":[147],"reconstruction":[148],"with":[149,219],"pixel-wise":[151],"total-variation":[152],"regularization":[153],"term.":[154],"set":[156],"up":[157],"parameter-tuning":[159],"policy":[160],"network":[161],"(PTPN),":[162],"which":[163,179],"maps":[164],"CT":[166,209],"image":[167],"patch":[168,184],"output":[171],"specifies":[173],"and":[176],"amplitude":[177],"by":[178],"center":[185],"adjusted.":[187],"PTPN":[191],"via":[192],"end-to-end":[194],"procedure.":[197],"under":[201],"guidance":[203],"trained":[206],"PTPN,":[207],"reconstructed":[208,218],"images":[210],"attain":[211],"similar":[213],"or":[214],"better":[215],"than":[216],"those":[217],"manually":[220],"tuned":[221],"parameters.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-13T07:31:44.756512","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
