{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2521019907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2016.2608782","title":"A Bayesian Nonparametric Model for Disease Subtyping: Application to Emphysema Phenotypes","display_name":"A Bayesian Nonparametric Model for Disease Subtyping: Application to Emphysema Phenotypes","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2521019907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2016.2608782","mag":"2521019907","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28060702"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2016.2608782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2016.2608782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5267575","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062538082","display_name":"James C. Ross","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2338-3644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James C. Ross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058359938","display_name":"Peter J. Castaldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9920-4713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter J. Castaldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018495347","display_name":"Michael H. Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4907-1657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael H. Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091082342","display_name":"Junxiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8897-754X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junxiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079450700","display_name":"Yale Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yale Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042038501","display_name":"Jennifer Dy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8430-134X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer G. Dy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035524361","display_name":"Edwin K. Silverman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3641-3822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin K. Silverman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064775862","display_name":"George R. Washko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2712-0569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George R. Washko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002685368","display_name":"Ra\u00fal San Jo\u015be Est\u00e9par","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3677-1996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ra\u00fal San Jos\u00e9 Est\u00e9par","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062538082"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.577,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85339687,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"1","first_page":"343","last_page":"354"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10552","display_name":"Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10552","display_name":"Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10136","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Inference","score":0.9556999802589417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.9488999843597412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtyping","display_name":"Subtyping","score":0.8624624013900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copd","display_name":"COPD","score":0.6271070241928101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonparametric-statistics","display_name":"Nonparametric statistics","score":0.5713074803352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.5506578683853149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesa","display_name":"Mesa","score":0.503330647945404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.48685282468795776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46992433071136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.45911213755607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.426797479391098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4223015010356903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.4180174469947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.33593565225601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3320508599281311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32436102628707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.32123976945877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2914283275604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.2719278633594513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24032965302467346}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83852419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2713292","display_name":"Subtyping","level":2,"score":0.8624624013900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776780178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199804","display_name":"COPD","level":2,"score":0.6271070241928101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102366305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1097688","display_name":"Nonparametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.5713074803352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.5506578683853149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780940541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1042397","display_name":"Mesa","level":2,"score":0.503330647945404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.48685282468795776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46992433071136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.45911213755607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.426797479391098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4223015010356903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4180174469947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.33593565225601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3320508599281311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32436102628707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.32123976945877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2914283275604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2719278633594513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24032965302467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011656","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Emphysema","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011656","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Emphysema","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011656","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Emphysema","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011656","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Emphysema","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2016.2608782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2016.2608782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28060702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28060702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5267575","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5267575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5267575","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5267575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1711186403","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"K25 HL130637","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4693318362","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 HL089856","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8534945356","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 HL089897","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33832734","https://openalex.org/W289857456","https://openalex.org/W315894690","https://openalex.org/W925060454","https://openalex.org/W1516111018","https://openalex.org/W1565234293","https://openalex.org/W1567885833","https://openalex.org/W1592305655","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1967687583","https://openalex.org/W1970378963","https://openalex.org/W1975357038","https://openalex.org/W1997063559","https://openalex.org/W1999802986","https://openalex.org/W2006967044","https://openalex.org/W2015853228","https://openalex.org/W2020999234","https://openalex.org/W2069429561","https://openalex.org/W2078112764","https://openalex.org/W2082907106","https://openalex.org/W2089763487","https://openalex.org/W2103554600","https://openalex.org/W2108451834","https://openalex.org/W2110662841","https://openalex.org/W2114220616","https://openalex.org/W2118106787","https://openalex.org/W2123222757","https://openalex.org/W2127498532","https://openalex.org/W2132826329","https://openalex.org/W2136361778","https://openalex.org/W2140357849","https://openalex.org/W2142635246","https://openalex.org/W2143708007","https://openalex.org/W2151967501","https://openalex.org/W2153796345","https://openalex.org/W2155662634","https://openalex.org/W2161289668","https://openalex.org/W2165418049","https://openalex.org/W2166325326","https://openalex.org/W2169767637","https://openalex.org/W2169813066","https://openalex.org/W2345055725","https://openalex.org/W2594639291","https://openalex.org/W2740155436","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4299542564","https://openalex.org/W6601414604","https://openalex.org/W6624578043","https://openalex.org/W6629510986","https://openalex.org/W6666297078","https://openalex.org/W6677388911","https://openalex.org/W6678521640","https://openalex.org/W6682569104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2396009657","https://openalex.org/W2799110842","https://openalex.org/W3032826521","https://openalex.org/W2391332606","https://openalex.org/W4229853287","https://openalex.org/W1462775415","https://openalex.org/W2008549446","https://openalex.org/W1535483699","https://openalex.org/W4399363637","https://openalex.org/W2333832190"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,113,192],"introduce":[1],"a":[2,187,198],"novel":[3],"Bayesian":[4],"nonparametric":[5],"model":[6,20,40,148,151,172],"that":[7,25,122,200,220],"uses":[8],"the":[9,67,81,90,97,140,206],"concept":[10],"of":[11,29,80,84,94,104,110,131,211,217],"disease":[12,15,88,223],"trajectories":[13],"for":[14],"subtype":[16],"identification.":[17],"Although":[18],"our":[19,39,55,118,194],"is":[21,78,109],"general,":[22],"we":[23,53],"demonstrate":[24],"by":[26],"treating":[27],"fractions":[28],"tissue":[30,212],"patterns":[31],"derived":[32],"from":[33,62],"medical":[34],"images":[35],"as":[36,137,184,197],"compositional":[37,218],"data,":[38],"can":[41,201],"be":[42,202],"applied":[43,203],"to":[44,57,159,166,204,214],"study":[45],"distinct":[46,73],"progression":[47,74],"trends":[48,219],"between":[49,143,208,222],"population":[50],"subgroups.":[51],"Specifically,":[52],"apply":[54],"algorithm":[56,196],"quantitative":[58],"emphysema":[59,77,105],"measurements":[60],"obtained":[61],"chest":[63],"CT":[64],"scans":[65],"in":[66,96,186],"COPDGene":[68],"Study":[69],"and":[70,106,120,134,147],"show":[71,121],"several":[72,115],"patterns.":[75],"As":[76],"one":[79,123],"major":[82],"components":[83],"chronic":[85],"obstructive":[86],"pulmonary":[87],"(COPD),":[89],"third":[91],"leading":[92],"cause":[93],"death":[95],"United":[98],"States":[99],"[1],":[100],"an":[101],"improved":[102],"definition":[103],"COPD":[107],"subtypes":[108,154],"great":[111],"interest.":[112],"investigate":[114],"models":[116],"with":[117,124,168],"algorithm,":[119],"age":[125],",":[126],"pack":[127],"years":[128],"(a":[129],"measure":[130],"cigarette":[132],"exposure),":[133],"smoking":[135],"status":[136],"predictors":[138],"gives":[139,173],"best":[141],"compromise":[142],"estimated":[144],"predictive":[145,175],"performance":[146],"complexity.":[149],"This":[150],"identified":[152],"nine":[153],"which":[155],"showed":[156],"significant":[157],"associations":[158],"seven":[160],"single":[161],"nucleotide":[162],"polymorphisms":[163],"(SNPs)":[164],"known":[165],"associate":[167],"COPD.":[169],"Additionally,":[170],"this":[171],"better":[174],"accuracy":[176],"than":[177],"multiple,":[178],"multivariate":[179],"ordinary":[180],"least":[181],"squares":[182],"regression":[183],"demonstrated":[185],"five-fold":[188],"cross":[189],"validation":[190],"analysis.":[191],"view":[193],"subtyping":[195],"contribution":[199],"bridge":[205],"gap":[207],"CT-level":[209],"assessment":[210],"composition":[213],"population-level":[215],"analysis":[216],"vary":[221],"subtypes.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
