{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2329835008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2016.2543141","title":"Mixed Confidence Estimation for Iterative CT Reconstruction","display_name":"Mixed Confidence Estimation for Iterative CT Reconstruction","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2329835008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2016.2543141","mag":"2329835008","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27008663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2016.2543141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2016.2543141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061165686","display_name":"David S. Perlmutter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David S. Perlmutter","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Imaging Research Lab, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Imaging Research Lab, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036281654","display_name":"Soo Mee Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8414-1297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soo Mee Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Imaging Research Lab, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Imaging Research Lab, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073998569","display_name":"Paul E. Kinahan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6461-3306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul E. Kinahan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Imaging Research Lab, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Imaging Research Lab, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077835961","display_name":"Adam Alessio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3371-8580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam M. Alessio","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Imaging Research Lab, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Imaging Research Lab, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061165686"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03114928,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"9","first_page":"2005","last_page":"2014"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10844","display_name":"Radiation Dose and Imaging","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.7104841470718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5712385177612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5319331884384155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.5111439824104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46923476457595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance-reduction","display_name":"Variance reduction","score":0.4690589904785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.46850043535232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-phantom","display_name":"Imaging phantom","score":0.43606215715408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4279041886329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4173280894756317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3562380075454712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3376510739326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32662540674209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2810959815979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-medicine","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","score":0.09086474776268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.08801901340484619}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.7104841470718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5712385177612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5319331884384155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.5111439824104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46923476457595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62644790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454689","display_name":"Variance reduction","level":3,"score":0.4690589904785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46850043535232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.43606215715408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4279041886329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4173280894756317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3562380075454712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3376510739326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32662540674209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2810959815979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.09086474776268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.08801901340484619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011829","descriptor_name":"Radiation Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011829","descriptor_name":"Radiation Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011829","descriptor_name":"Radiation Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056973","descriptor_name":"Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056973","descriptor_name":"Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056973","descriptor_name":"Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2016.2543141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2016.2543141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27008663","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27008663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3273311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4307401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4307401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5270602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5270602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4307401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6279191444","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01-CA115870","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G687768603","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01-HL109327","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983361017","https://openalex.org/W1996751678","https://openalex.org/W2003624223","https://openalex.org/W2003993833","https://openalex.org/W2011859708","https://openalex.org/W2021708053","https://openalex.org/W2029760593","https://openalex.org/W2032237670","https://openalex.org/W2070864161","https://openalex.org/W2077395758","https://openalex.org/W2081634075","https://openalex.org/W2092257831","https://openalex.org/W2094316886","https://openalex.org/W2113891902","https://openalex.org/W2113938277","https://openalex.org/W2117876817","https://openalex.org/W2121570028","https://openalex.org/W2121973174","https://openalex.org/W2122272664","https://openalex.org/W2142419873","https://openalex.org/W2149400409","https://openalex.org/W2154280873","https://openalex.org/W2162308311","https://openalex.org/W2167122131","https://openalex.org/W2167192254","https://openalex.org/W2168543121","https://openalex.org/W2171416930","https://openalex.org/W4206196235"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3122602933","https://openalex.org/W2950038056","https://openalex.org/W1544940847","https://openalex.org/W2169816622","https://openalex.org/W2289285490","https://openalex.org/W3031816500","https://openalex.org/W2298254442","https://openalex.org/W2144778520","https://openalex.org/W1997242758","https://openalex.org/W2169367269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dynamic":[0],"(4D)":[1],"CT":[2],"imaging":[3,211],"is":[4,54,99,115,187],"used":[5],"in":[6,143,158],"a":[7,31,72,94,110,152,171],"variety":[8],"of":[9,16,34,61,96,112,174,177,193,215],"applications,":[10],"but":[11],"the":[12,17,58,86,97,113,128,140,175,216],"two":[13],"major":[14],"drawbacks":[15],"technique":[18],"are":[19,67,218],"its":[20],"increased":[21],"radiation":[22,229],"dose":[23,230],"and":[24,109,133,161,182,194,205],"longer":[25],"reconstruction":[26,53],"time.":[27,80],"Here":[28],"we":[29,84],"present":[30,151],"statistical":[32],"analysis":[33],"our":[35],"previously":[36],"proposed":[37,76],"Mixed":[38],"Confidence":[39],"Estimation":[40],"(MCE)":[41],"method":[42,88,200],"that":[43,125,184],"addresses":[44],"both":[45,144],"these":[46],"issues.":[47],"This":[48,198],"method,":[49],"where":[50,93,213],"framed":[51],"iterative":[52],"only":[55],"performed":[56],"on":[57],"dynamic":[59,233],"regions":[60,66,145],"each":[62],"frame":[63],"while":[64],"static":[65],"fixed":[68],"across":[69],"frames":[70],"to":[71,77,89,147,190],"composite":[73],"image,":[74],"was":[75],"reduce":[78],"computation":[79,203],"In":[81],"this":[82,156,163,185],"work,":[83],"generalize":[85],"previous":[87],"describe":[90],"any":[91],"application":[92],"portion":[95,111],"image":[98,114,129,196,208,217],"known":[100,116,219],"with":[101,117,165,180,220],"higher":[102,132],"confidence":[103,119,135],"(static,":[104],"composite,":[105],"lower-frequency":[106],"content,":[107],"etc.)":[108],"lower":[118,134,139],"(dynamic,":[120],"targeted,":[121],"etc).":[122],"We":[123,150,168],"show":[124],"by":[126],"splitting":[127],"space":[130],"into":[131],"components,":[136],"MCE":[137,181,199],"can":[138],"estimator":[141,159],"variance":[142,160,176,209],"compared":[146,189],"conventional":[148],"reconstruction.":[149],"theoretical":[153],"argument":[154,164],"for":[155,210,226],"reduction":[157],"verify":[162],"proof-of-principle":[166],"simulations.":[167],"also":[169],"propose":[170],"fast":[172],"approximation":[173,186],"images":[178],"reconstructed":[179],"confirm":[183],"accurate":[188],"analytic":[191],"calculations":[192],"multi-realization":[195],"variance.":[197],"requires":[201],"less":[202],"time":[204],"provides":[206],"reduced":[207,228],"scenarios":[212],"portions":[214],"more":[221],"certainty":[222],"than":[223],"others":[224],"allowing":[225],"potentially":[227],"and/or":[231],"improved":[232],"imaging.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}