{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1541513314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2015.2436693","title":"Automatic Segmentation of Spinal Canals in CT Images via Iterative Topology Refinement","display_name":"Automatic Segmentation of Spinal Canals in CT Images via Iterative Topology Refinement","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1541513314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2015.2436693","mag":"1541513314","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26241768"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2015.2436693","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2015.2436693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391054","display_name":"Qian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3490-3836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China","Med\u2010X Research Institute School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Med\u2010X Research Institute School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045227579","display_name":"Le L\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6799-9416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155647","display_name":"National Institutes of Health Clinical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04vfsmv21","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210155647"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States","Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Bethesda, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155647"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Bethesda, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155647"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074384370","display_name":"Dijia Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0636-9912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dijia Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, United States","[Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, United States]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, United States]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073691797","display_name":"Noha El-Zehiry","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137693","display_name":"Siemens (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04axb7e79","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976","https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noha El-Zehiry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens Corporate Research, Princeton, NJ, United States","Siemens Corporate Research, Princeton, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens Corporate Research, Princeton, NJ, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens Corporate Research, Princeton, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051649145","display_name":"Yefeng Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-2847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137693","display_name":"Siemens (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04axb7e79","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976","https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yefeng Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens Corporate Research, Princeton, NJ, United States","Siemens Corporate Research, Princeton, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens Corporate Research, Princeton, NJ, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens Corporate Research, Princeton, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000937401","display_name":"Dinggang Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7934-5698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinggang Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States","Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070593262","display_name":"Kevin Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9810-3977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137693","display_name":"Siemens (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04axb7e79","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976","https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin S. Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens Corporate Research, Princeton, NJ, United States","Siemens Corporate Research, Princeton, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens Corporate Research, Princeton, NJ, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens Corporate Research, Princeton, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100391054"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0905,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76270834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"8","first_page":"1694","last_page":"1704"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7366744875907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6970932483673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6788783073425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5397042036056519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voxel","display_name":"Voxel","score":0.5383909940719604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5252109169960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-space-segmentation","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","score":0.4895811975002289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.4569959044456482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4561140239238739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.4490979313850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.4155268669128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.4113304615020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1948651373386383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7366744875907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6970932483673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6788783073425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5397042036056519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54170458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663554","display_name":"Voxel","level":2,"score":0.5383909940719604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5252109169960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.4895811975002289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.4569959044456482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4561140239238739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.4490979313850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4155268669128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.4113304615020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1948651373386383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013115","descriptor_name":"Spinal Canal","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013115","descriptor_name":"Spinal Canal","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013115","descriptor_name":"Spinal Canal","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013125","descriptor_name":"Spinal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013125","descriptor_name":"Spinal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013125","descriptor_name":"Spinal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013499","descriptor_name":"Surface Properties","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013499","descriptor_name":"Surface Properties","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013499","descriptor_name":"Surface Properties","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016103","descriptor_name":"Spinal Fractures","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016103","descriptor_name":"Spinal Fractures","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016103","descriptor_name":"Spinal Fractures","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2015.2436693","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2015.2436693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26241768","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26241768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.698.8323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.698.8323","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.jhu.edu/%7Elelu/publication/TMI2015_SpinalCordSegmentation.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104325171","https://openalex.org/W132655277","https://openalex.org/W1489079721","https://openalex.org/W1500681480","https://openalex.org/W1514207599","https://openalex.org/W1591001867","https://openalex.org/W1970557382","https://openalex.org/W1979064019","https://openalex.org/W1988382024","https://openalex.org/W2045126211","https://openalex.org/W2045782417","https://openalex.org/W2046296065","https://openalex.org/W2053980954","https://openalex.org/W2074395887","https://openalex.org/W2075218517","https://openalex.org/W2082595705","https://openalex.org/W2082849090","https://openalex.org/W2087034030","https://openalex.org/W2089128627","https://openalex.org/W2103275591","https://openalex.org/W2115763357","https://openalex.org/W2121947440","https://openalex.org/W2125637308","https://openalex.org/W2129259959","https://openalex.org/W2131602268","https://openalex.org/W2133366724","https://openalex.org/W2133537747","https://openalex.org/W2143516773","https://openalex.org/W2145803225","https://openalex.org/W2146514558","https://openalex.org/W2160738239","https://openalex.org/W2161739205","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2165854452","https://openalex.org/W2188119724","https://openalex.org/W2236297715","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W3034045923","https://openalex.org/W4292198150","https://openalex.org/W6647383776","https://openalex.org/W6672450713","https://openalex.org/W6679670634","https://openalex.org/W6681670809","https://openalex.org/W6687029160","https://openalex.org/W6779988263"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2185902295","https://openalex.org/W2103507220","https://openalex.org/W3144569342","https://openalex.org/W4313052709","https://openalex.org/W2945274617","https://openalex.org/W2022929107","https://openalex.org/W2055202857","https://openalex.org/W1999008862","https://openalex.org/W4205800335","https://openalex.org/W2758994127"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"segmentation":[1,26,71,98,129,145,175],"of":[2,49,89,169,184],"the":[3,46,50,58,87,90,96,103,109,122,128,135,141,167,170,179,182],"spinal":[4,91,136],"canals":[5],"in":[6,15],"computed":[7],"tomography":[8],"(CT)":[9],"images":[10],"is":[11,38,73,93],"an":[12,24],"important":[13],"task":[14],"many":[16],"related":[17],"studies.":[18],"In":[19,107],"this":[20,54],"paper,":[21],"we":[22,56],"propose":[23],"automatic":[25,66,70],"method":[27,172],"and":[28,44,82,99,139,162,181,194,200],"apply":[29],"it":[30],"to":[31,62,113,126],"our":[32,185],"highly":[33],"challenging":[34],"image":[35],"cohort":[36],"that":[37],"acquired":[39,149],"from":[40,45,95],"multiple":[41],"clinical":[42],"sites":[43],"CT":[47],"channel":[48],"PET-CT":[51],"scans.":[52],"To":[53],"end,":[55],"adapt":[57],"interactive":[59],"random-walk":[60,105,124,142],"solvers":[61],"be":[63,148],"a":[64,152],"fully":[65],"cascaded":[67],"pipeline.":[68],"The":[69],"pipeline":[72],"initialized":[74],"with":[75,158,173,187],"robust":[76],"voxelwise":[77],"classification":[78],"using":[79],"Haar-like":[80],"features":[81],"probabilistic":[83],"boosting":[84],"tree.":[85],"Then,":[86],"topology":[88,111,138],"canal":[92,137],"extracted":[94],"tentative":[97],"further":[100],"refined":[101,110],"for":[102,156,192,196],"subsequent":[104,123],"solver.":[106],"particular,":[108],"leads":[112],"improved":[114],"seeding":[115],"voxels":[116],"or":[117],"boundary":[118],"conditions,":[119],"which":[120],"allow":[121],"solver":[125],"improve":[127],"result.":[130],"Therefore,":[131],"by":[132],"iteratively":[133],"refining":[134],"cascading":[140],"solvers,":[143],"satisfactory":[144],"results":[146],"can":[147],"within":[150],"only":[151],"few":[153],"iterations,":[154],"even":[155,177],"cases":[157,190],"scoliosis,":[159],"bone":[160,202],"fractures":[161],"lesions.":[163],"Our":[164],"experiments":[165],"validate":[166],"capability":[168],"proposed":[171],"promising":[174],"performance,":[176],"though":[178],"resolution":[180],"contrast":[183],"dataset":[186],"110":[188],"patient":[189],"(90":[191],"testing":[193],"20":[195],"training)":[197],"are":[198],"low":[199],"various":[201],"pathologies":[203],"occur":[204],"frequently.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
